Chapter 1 MULTIPLE CHOICE Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question Figure 1 1 1 The bacterial shape of the cells in Figure 1 1 would best be described as A bacillus B columnar C ovoid D coccus E spiral Answer A 2 Which of the following findings was essential for Edward Jenner s vaccination process A Someone who recovers from a disease will not acquire that disease again B Pathogenic microorganisms infect all humans and animals in the same manner C Exposure to a milder disease form may produce immunity D Disease is caused by viruses E A weakened microorganism will not cause disease Answer C 3 Classification of organisms into three domains is based on A the number of cells in the organism B nutritional requirements C the presence of a cell wall D cellular organization E cellular proteins Answer D 4 The infectious agent that causes AIDS is a A virus B bacterium C mold D protozoan E yeast Answer A 1 5 Who is credited with first observing microorganisms A Louis Pasteur B Robert Hooke C Robert Koch D Carolus Linnaeus E Anton van Leeuwenhoek Answer E 6 The term used to describe a disease causing microorganism is A pathogen B infection C bacterium D microbe E virus Answer A 7 Which of the following is NOT associated with viruses A nucleic acid B organelles C capsid D spikes E envelope Answer B 8 The use of phenol carbolic acid as a wound disinfectant was first practiced by A Lister B Koch C Holmes D Pasteur E Semmelweis Answer A 9 The arguments supporting spontaneous generation were finally disproved by A Francesco Redi B Louis Pasteur C John Needham D Lazzaro Spallanzani E Rudolf Virchow Answer B 10 Molecular biology is the study of A the structure and function of macromolecules essential to life B DNA synthesis C enzyme function D protein synthesis E RNA replication Answer A 2 11 The microbial process of converting sugars to alcohol is known as A fermentation B pasteurization C alcoholism D tyndallization E lyophilization Answer A 12 Each of the following organisms would be considered a microbe EXCEPT A protozoan B mushroom C yeast D bacterium E virus Answer B 13 Recombinant DNA refers to the A synthesis of proteins from genes B interaction between human and bacterial cells C DNA resulting when bacterial genes are inserted in an animal genome D study of bacterial ribosomes E study of the function of genes Answer C 14 Antibiotics are produced by A protozoa B bacteria C viruses D fungi E bacteria and fungi Answer E 15 A prokaryotic cell may possess each of the following cellular components EXCEPT A ribosomes B a cell membrane C a nucleus D flagella E a cell wall Answer C 16 Commercial utilization of microbial products has become increasingly popular due to their environmentally friendly nature Removal of these products from the environment typically utilizes A alcohol B enzymes C organic acids D organic solvents E soap Answer B 3 17 Fungal infections are studied by A mycologists B herpetologists C virologists D parasitologists E bacteriologists Answer A 18 The first step for directly linking a microbe to a specific disease according to Koch s postulates is to A compare the blood of a sick animal to blood obtained from a healthy animal B inject a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal into a healthy animal C obtain a sample of blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal D culture the blood or other body fluid from a diseased animal using nutrient medium E isolate microbes from the blood of healthy animals Answer C 19 Normal microbiota are typically found in and on all the following body locations EXCEPT the A upper respiratory system B skin C mouth D blood E colon Answer D 20 Microorganisms are involved in each of the following processes EXCEPT A O2 production B infection C food production D smog production E decomposition of organic material Answer D 21 Viruses are not considered living organisms because they A cannot reproduce by themselves B are structurally very simple C typically associated with disease D are ubiquitous in nature E can only be visualized using an electron microscope Answer A 22 Which of the following statements about biofilms is FALSE A Compared to free living bacteria biofilms are more sensitive to antibiotics B Biofilms in pipes can block the flow of water C Biofilms on medical devices cause infections D Biofilms on rocks provide food for animal life E Biofilms in your body protect mucous membranes from harmful microbes Answer A 4 23 Common commercial benefits of microorganisms include synthesis of A insulin B aspirin C antibiotics D antibiotics and aspirin E antibiotics and insulin Answer E 24 Archaea differ from bacteria in that archaea A reproduce by binary fission B are prokaryotic C lack nuclei D use organic compounds for food E have diverse cell wall compositions Answer E 25 Protozoan motility structures include A pseudopods B cilia C flagella D cilia and pseudopods only E cilia flagella and pseudopods Answer E 26 Robert Koch identified the cause of A tuberculosis B diphtheria C AIDS D smallpox E anthrax Answer E 27 In the name Staphylococcus aureus aureus is the A domain name B genus C family name D specific name E kingdom Answer D 28 The major food producers for other living organisms is are A higher plants B cyanobacteria C algae D higher plants and algae E higher plants cyanobacteria and algae Answer E 5 29 Gene therapy is currently used to treat all of the following diseases EXCEPT A Duchenne s muscular dystrophy B severe combined immunodeficiency disease SCID C cystic fibrosis D LDL receptor deficiency E colon cancer Answer E 30 Who is credited with first observing cells A Robert Hooke B Louis Pasteur C Robert Koch D Anton van Leeuwenhoek E Carolus Linnaeus Answer A 31 Mycology is the study of A molds B mushrooms C protozoa D mycoplasma E molds yeast and mushrooms Answer E 32 Proof that a microbe could cause disease was provided by A Semmelweis B Pasteur C Lister D Wasserman E Koch Answer E 33 Who was the first scientist to pursue a magic bullet that could be used to treat infectious disease A Semmelweis B Pasteur C Jenner D Ehrlich E Lister Answer D 34 Regarding Louis Pasteur s experiments with the S neck flask which of the following statements is TRUE A The possibility of contamination was removed B Air exchange was involved C A food source was provided D All preexisting microorganisms were killed E All of the answers are correct Answer E 6 35 In which of the following situations