Body Composition (S-17) JH© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.Name: Date:Body Composition1) What is the significance of being underweight? Overweight?Significance of being underweight: nutrient deficiencies, electrolyte imbalance, low energy levels, menstrual irregularities, and osteoporosisSignificance of being overweight: excess body fat increases the workload of heart and lungs, hypertension, diabetes, and high cholesterol 2) List 3 major laboratory techniques used to estimate body fatness1) Underwater weighing2) Skinfold Measurements3) Bioelectrical impedance3) What is BMI and how is it calculated (formula)?BMI is a way of checking that a person is a healthy weight for their height. For individual height and weight there will be a healthy range which his should fit into. Formula for BMI: weight (kg)/height (m)^24) What is BMI used to assess?BMI used to assess your total amount of body fat. 5) Calculate your BMI. Show your work.BMI=60.33kg/ (1.65)^2=22.2 6) What class does your BMI fall within? What does this mean in terms of health risk?I am within the healthy BMI range. It means I am currently not at risk of any health problems. © Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.1 Name: Date:7) List 2 groups of people that BMI is not accurate for and explain why.1) Athletes Why: Athletes weight a lot due to their muscle, not fat. So the information that athletes use to measure BMI is not accurate. 2) Amputees Why: BMI doesn’t take into account the missing body parts. 8) a. What does the waist circumference indirectly measure? The waist circumference measures the abdominal fat. b. Why is this important in terms of disease risk?The waist circumference is an indicator of health risk associated with excess fat around the waist. 10) a. What is the fatfold (skinfold) test? This test measures determine a person’s body position and body fat percentage. b. How are the skinfolds measured?It measures fat under skin by measuring skinfold thickness. Then we can use thesenumbers to calculate a person’s percentage of body fat according his/her age and gender. © Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.2Name: Date: c. What sites are primarily used to measure the skinfolds?It measures triceps, subscapular, waist, thigh, etc. d. What is the premise behind using fatfolds as a measure to assess % body fat?The measurement is based on the premise that about half of total body fat is lies just below the skin. e.List 2 disadvantages of using skinfolds to assess % body fat.1) Not an optimal or appropriate choice for obese patients.2) Technician expertise is required for accuracy.11 a. What is Hydrostatic Weighing? A method of determining body fat by using a person’s total body density. b. How is Hydrostatic Weighing performed?An individual is submerged and weight under water. The percent of body fat can be calculated from body density. c. What is the premise behind using it as a measure to assess % body fat?It based on the premise that muscle has a higher density and fat has a lower density than water. d. List 2 disadvantages of using Hydrostatic Weighing to assess % body fat.1) It is not easy to access since it usually located at research institutions. 2) It is expensive© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.3Name: Date:12 a. What is Bioelectrical Impedance? A way to measure your body fat in relation to lean body mass. b. How is Bioelectrical Impedance measured?A week electrical current is run through the body to identify the resistance of electrical flow since the fat is resistant to electrical flow. c. What is the premise behind using it as a measure to assess % body fat?It based on the premise that lean body mass is a better conductor of electricity than fat. d. List 2 disadvantages of using Bioelectrical Impedance to assess % body fat.1) The result can be affected by individual hydration level, ambient and skin temperatures.2) With the hand-held assessment, the skin thickness of the palms can have an effect on validity of the test 4© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.Name: Date:13) Now using the handheld Bioelectrical Impedance device, measure your percent body fat. I have a 15.0 % body fat. 14) Compare your % body fat (obtained from Bioelectrical Impedance) to the suggested values below:Suggested % Body FatMEN WOMENLow <6% <15%Borderline Low 6-11% 15-21%Desired 12-18% 22-26%Borderline High 19-21% 27-29%High >22% >30%a. Why are the percentages for women in each class higher than those for men?It is because of natural hormone processes. The estrogen (female sex hormone) increase the body’s capacity to store fat. b. Where do you fall on this scale? Are you surprised by this? Explain your answer.Borderline low. I am not surprised because I am Asian, the food I usually eat is not contains lots of fat and I often exercise. c. Do you feel this percentage accurately reflects your body composition? Explain your answer.Yes. Because I exercise a lot and eat lot s of healthy food every day. © Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights reserved.5© Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo. All rights