Chapter 15 Eating Disorder Saturday November 28 2015 6 08 PM Disordered Eating Describe the behaviors often associated with eating disorders The most commonly known types of eating disorders include o Self starvation o Binging purging disorders Other types of eating disorders or disorder eating behaviors along with body image issues Behaviors may include o Unhealthy eating patterns o Compensatory habits Include exercise or laxative use Symptoms may be extreme and evident o Other times hidden and unknown even to the best of friends and family How Do We Define Eating Disorders In order to be diagnosed with an eating disorder a patient must be assessed by a physician or psychologist Identify the document that serves as a reference for diagnosing eating disorders Criteria to diagnose someone with an eating disorder is set forth in the o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual Fifth Edition DSM V Eating disorders discussed in this lecture include o Anorexia Nervosa o Bulimia Nervosa o Binge Eating Disorder o Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder OSFED o Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder Anorexia Nervosa Definition o Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height Discuss the characteristics of anorexia nervosa Characterized by o Intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat Generally underweight o Poor body image o Amenorrhea may occur loss of regular menstrual cycle Due to low body weight low fat stores List the subtypes of anorexia nervosa Types of Anorexia Nervosa include o Restricting type restrict energy o Binging eating purging type Bulimia Nervosa Discuss the characteristics of bulimia nervosa The diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa include o Eating large amounts of food in a relatively short period of time Binging Feelings of loss of control Identify compensatory behaviors that may be exhibited in someone with an eating disorder Followed by inappropriate weight compensatory behavior o Purging self induced vomiting o Laxatives o Dieting o Excessive exercise Those with bulimia nervosa have a distorted body image but generally appear to have a normal weight Bulimia Nervosa List the subtypes of bulimia nervosa Subtypes of Bulimia Nervosa o Purging bulimia By means of laxatives diuretics or vomiting o Nonpurging bulimia Excessive exercise or dieting For some binging provides a temporary escape from feelings of unhappiness and is an attempt to self medicate Purging provides a feeling of control and safety o A release from the stress and guilt experienced after the binge Binge Eating Disorder Old problem but a relatively new category ED Discuss the characteristics of binge eating disorder Binge eating disorder is characterized by o Recurrent episodes of binge eating o Lack of compensatory behaviors intended to prevent weight gain The prevalence of binge eating disorder among the general population is approximately one to two percent o Often goes unreported o May be higher among obese individuals Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder The other specified feeding or eating disorder OSFED applies to disordered eating patterns that do not meet criteria for any specific eating disorder but are associated with o Loss of or impaired ability to engage in social interactions o May not be able to work at the expected level Examples of Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder List the categories of OSFED and describe each o o o o o Atypical anorexia nervosa Weight is at or above the normal range Bulimia nervosa of low frequency and or limited duration Frequency of binging purging is less than one episode per week and or for less than 3 months Binge eating disorder of low frequency and or limited duration Frequency of binging is less than one episode per week and or for less than 3 months Purging disorder Recurrent purging to influence weight or shape in the absence of binging Night eating syndrome Recurrent episodes of night eating Eating after waking from sleep or excessive food intake after evening meal Unspecified Feeding or Eating Disorder Definition o Eating disorders that do not meet criteria for specific eating disorder o Results in clinically significant distress or impaired social occupational engagement Orthorexia o Fixation on righteous eating o Unhealthy obsession with eating only foods considered pure and of high quality Susan has a BMI of 20 She is careful with what she eats but occasionally will binge on food After doing so she goes to the gym for 2 to 4 hours She also uses laxatives Susan may have o Anorexia nervosa o Bulimia nervosa a Binge eating disorder b Atypical anorexia nervosa Eating Disorders Affect People of All Ages and Ethnicities Disordered eating behaviors often become most obvious during adolescence o However may take root as early as age 7 Many adolescents report that they began dieting when they were only 8 10 years old o Older people can be affected as well Some women 40 years and over develop eating disorders in response to a devastating loss or trauma Example death of a loved one divorce or a life threatening disease Men and Eating Disorders Men account for approximately 10 percent of reported cases of eating disorders Males have been diagnosed with anorexia or bulimia nervosa o Although a majority of the cases are those with binge eating disorder or OSFED Many men feel pressured to emulate the strong muscular physique of the ideal male Risk Factors for Disordered Eating Behavior List the risk factors for disordered eating behavior Dieting Cultural pressure Body dissatisfaction Teasing Poor self esteem Puberty Family Athletics Dieting Discuss the consequences of dieting that may manifest in an eating disorder Although dieting may seem harmless if it goes too far it may potentially have harmful consequences such as o Anxiety o Depression o Low self esteem o Disturbed body image o Amenorrhea Dieting can lead to vitamin deficiencies which may result in o Impaired growth and development in children and teens o Osteoporosis o Impaired immune system function o Infertility o In addition dieting for weight loss is strongly associated with later development of clinical eating disorders Cultural Pressure Discuss the influence of societal influence on the development of eating disorders in both women and men The portrayal of female body ideals in movies magazines and books influence peoples opinion of self The current trend seems to be the fit toned body that appears healthy but may still be thin o There has