CRM JST 271 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 13 16 Definitions Ch 8 Field Operations Bias crime a crime that is racially or sexually motivated a hate crime Computer aided dispatch a system that includes call taking dispatching and call disposition The system also includes resource management allowing departments to map crimes and alert officers of past problems in that jurisdiction Computerized crime mapping a computer generated map of crime information matched to a geographic area to help officers know where to concentrate their patrol activities Crackdowns intensive short term increases in officer presence and arrests for the specific types of offenses or for all offenses in specific areas Crime suppression control and prevention of crime through the actual or implied presence of police Directed patrol a proactive patrol method that uses uncommitted time for a specified activity and is based on crime and problem analysis It utilizes computerized crime analysis and mapping to identify crime patterns and direct patrols to primary crime areas at primary crime times Dual arrest in cases of domestic violence the police arrest both parties involved Enticement a police activity that purposely encourages someone to commit a crime Entrapment police activity that purposely provides a person with the opportunity and intent to commit a crime Event analysis refers to the police being aware of important dates celebrations anniversaries of events and how these important dates may relate to upcoming situations For example the police need to be aware of the anniversary date of an act of terrorism and be alert to activity occurring on that date Field operations consists primarily of patrol and investigations but may also include units to handle traffic crime prevention victim assistance and so on Follow up investigation an official inquiry generally conducted by a detective to develop a case includes identifying and locating a suspect possibly obtaining a confession and disposing of the case General deterrence patrol deterrence strategy focused on maximizing police interventions e g attempting to reduce firearm violence by increasing motor vehicle stops for the purpose of seizing illegal weapons Generalist a police officer who performs a variety of activities some of which could be assigned to a specialist Hot spots locations that have a greater amount of crime or disorder than other areas Law enforcement activities in which police make arrests issue citations conduct investigations and attempt to prevent or deter criminal activity A primary function of patrol officers Order maintenance patrol goal that may or may not involve a violation of the law usually minor during which officers tend to use alternatives other than arrest Proactive arrest arrests that occur as a result of a police initiative to focus on a narrow set of high risk targets Preliminary investigation an initial inquiry conducted by patrol officers for the purpose of establishing that a crime has been committed and to protect the scene of the crime from those not involved in the inquiry Primary aggressor laws laws that encourage police officers to determine which of the parties in an intimate partner violence situation is truly the offender or primary aggressor Proactive creating or controlling a situation by causing something to happen rather than responding to it after it has happened Quality of life policing police strategy that targets the reduction of physical and social disorder so that community members will work together to promote neighborhood safety and concomitantly reduce crime Reactive reactive police work is characterized by police responses to incidents when assistance is specifically requested by citizens Social services police responsibilities that involve taking reports and providinginformation and assistance to the public everything from helping a stranded motorist to checking Grandma s house to make sure she is all right Specialist a police officer who performs a particular kind of activity such as investigation as distinguished from a generalist Specific deterrence patrol deterrence strategy focused on targeted police interventions e g attempting to reduce firearm violence by targeting and stopping suspicious looking motorists for the purpose of seizing illegal weapons Target oriented a concept used by police officers to assess likely targets in their districts A target oriented approach monitors not only obvious places and persons who might be of danger but also safe areas that may be vulnerable to disruption Ch 9 Behavior Misconduct Abuse of authority misuse of power by police that tends to injure a member of the police constituency It can take the form of excessive physical force psychological abuse or violation of civil rights Discretion the decision making latitude of the police on whether to invoke legal sanctions It may include the decision to investigate or not to arrest or not or to pursue or not Economic corruption the breaking of the law by officers in order to seek personal financial gain for example keeping drug money confiscated from dealers Grass eaters police officers who accept graft when it comes their way but do not actively solicit opportunities for graft as distinct from meat eaters Gratuity something of value such as free or reduced cost beverages or meals discount buying privileges free admission to athletic events or movies gifts and small rewards Most commonly it is beverages or meals Some officers accept such gratuities from the public In group solidarity a closeness and loyalty among officers brought about by the perceived danger of police work the close knit working relations among officers concerns that outsiders cannot be trusted and a common basis of patrol activity Legalistic style policing that insists on enforcing the law in maintaining order Meat eaters police officers who actively solicit opportunities for financial gain and are involved in more widespread and serious corruption than grass eaters Noble case corruption the abandonment of ethical and legal means in order to achieve good ends Police may use both violence and subjugation of rights if they are more concerned about the noble cause getting bad guys off the streets protecting victims and children than about the morality of technically legal behavior Occupational deviance illegal behavior by an officer in the course of work or under the clock of police authority Particularistic perspectives views of the