KIN 123 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Lectures 14 18 Cardiovascular Disease o Number one cause of death in the US and can be prevented by lifestyle o Cardiovascular system is made up of Heart blood vessels arteries veins and capillaries o What do the capillaries do Allow gas exchange between blood and cells o Difference between systole and diastole Systole hearts contraction the atria ventricles are pumping blood out of heart and into the body Diastole the period of relaxation the ventricles atria are filling back up with blood o What are the four chambers of the heart Right Atrium Left Atrium Right Ventricle Left Ventricle o Difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation Pulmonary R side of heart pumps blood to and from lungs Systemic L side of heart pumps blood to the body o Major risk factors for CVD Obesity tobacco diabetes male genes age ethnicity o Minor contributing risk factors for CVD Aspects of lifestyle that can be changed to prevent CVD Stress triglycerides diet alcohol and drugs depression anxiety etc o Major Forms of CVD Atherosclerosis myocardial infarction angina arrhythmias o Prevention methods ECG EKG angiogram balloon angioplasty coronary bypass surgery o What is a CVA Cardiovascular accident or stroke Lasting disability is a result of this can be detected by numbness weakness to one side as well as loss of vision Cancer o What is cancer The abnormal uncontrolled growth of cells which if left untreated leads to death o Define tumor and the different types that can be found Tumor a mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose Benign tumor non cancerous made up of cells similar to the surrounding normal cells but separated from surrounding cells Malignant tumor synonymous with cancer can invade surrounding structures including the blood system the lymphatic system and nerves o What is metastasis the spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another o What are the types of cancer Carcinomas arise from epithelial tissues most common Sarcomas arise from connective and fibrous tissues i e muscle bone cartilage etc Lymphomas cancers of the lymph nodes part of the body s infection fighting system Leukemia cancer of the blood forming cells found in bone marrow Environmental Health o Define environmental health The collective interactions of humans with the environment and the short term and long term health consequences of those interactions o What are the two major health concerns that the US deals with Natural disasters Man made disasters o What are concerns for population growth and control food energy available land and water minimum accepted standard of living o It s important to stay energy conscious and make a conceited effort to conserve energy whenever possible o What are examples of chemical pollutants Asbestos lead mercury pesticides Personal Safety o Difference between intentional and unintentional injury Intentional purposely inflicted either by oneself or another Unintentional no harm is intended 5th leading cause of death in US o What is NSC National Safety Council o Four general classes of unintentional injuries Motor vehicle home public injuries work injuries o What are three things that contribute to motor vehicle injuries Speeding aggressive driving fatigue and sleepiness drugs and alcohol o What are potential home injuries Falls fires poison suffocation and choking o What is OSHA Occupational safety and health administration Developed to protect people from and prevent workplace injuries o Emergency care First aid CPR EMS emergency medical system Conventional Complementary Medicine o Define conventional medicine a system of medicine based on the application of the scientific method standard western medicine o Define complementary medicine CAM complementary and alternative medicine therapies or practices that are not a part of mainstream health care o Informed self care requires knowledge of symptoms and when it s necessary to see a physician o CAM focuses on integration of mind body and spirit as well as knowledge and experience Aging o Define aging normal process of development that occurs throughout life o Difference between biological aging and psychological social aging Biological the normal progressive irreversible changes to one s body that begin at birth and continue until death Psych social more abrupt changes in circumstances and emotion o Characteristics typically associated with aging are actually due to neglect and abuse on our bodies o Examples of age proofing Challenging your mind physical fitness eat wisely avoid toxins to the body i e excess of drugs and alcohol o Psychological and mental changes that may occur during aging Dementia grief depression o Options for end of life care Home care hospital based palliative care hospice programs o What is an advanced directive Any statement made by a competent person about choices for medical treatment should he or she become unable to make such decisions or communicate them later Common Sports Injuries o What is an overuse injury Occurs over time more subtle than an acute injury balance between breakdown and repair of body is altered Occurs commonly in athletes with intense training regimens Ex Shin splints tendonitis stress fractures o What is an acute injury Strains sprains ruptured ligaments and broken bones