KIN 123 1st Edition Lecture 10Chapters 7 and 8-Addiction and Smoking class notes- Addictive behaviors are habits that have gotten out of control, resulting in negative effects on a person’s health- Concept of addiction as a disease process, based in brain chemistry rather than moral failing, led to many advances- Characteristics of addictive behavior:o Reinforcemento Compulsion or cravingo Loss of controlo Escalationo Negative consequences- Addictive behavioro The development of addiction Often starts when person does something to pleasure or to avoid paino Characteristics of people with addictions Difficulty dealing with stress and painful emotions Risk takers, impulse control problemso Examples of addictive behaviors Compulsive exercising Compulsive gambling Work addiction Sex and love addiction Compulsive buying or shopping Internet addiction- Who uses tobacco and why:o 71 million Americans currently smokeo 23% of men and 18% of women smoked in 2008o Nicotine addiction Nicotine: powerful psychoactive drug- The most physically addictive of all psychoactive drugs- Reaches the brain via the bloodstream in seconds Loss of control  Tolerance and withdrawalo Social and psychological factors Established habits or cues trigger urge to smoke  Why start in the first place?- Nearly 90% of adult smokers started before age 18- Average age for starting smoking or using smokeless tobaccoo 15yoThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Rationalizing the dangerso The immediate effects of smoking Acts on the brain by either exciting or tranquilizing the nervous system- Inhibits formation of urine- Constricts blood vessels- Accelerates heart rate- Elevates blood pressure- Depresses hunger contractions- Dulls taste buds The long term effects of smoking - Cardiovascular diseaseo Coronary heart disease (CHD)o Atherosclerosis (plaque buildup)o Myocardial infarction (heart attack)o Strokeo Aortic aneurismo Pulmonary heart disease- Lung cancer and other cancers- COPD- chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseo Emphysemao Chronic bronchitis- Additional health, cosmetic, and economic concernso Ulcers and heart burn o Reproductive health problemso Dental diseases o Diminished senseso Injuries and accidentso Cosmetic concernso Economic costs- Cumulative effectso Males who smoke before 15 yrs. old and continue to smoke are half as likely to live to 75 versus those who did not smokeo Smokers spend one-third more time away from their jobs because of illness than nonsmokerso Both men and women show a greater rate of acute and chronic diseases- The effects of smoking on the nonsmokero Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) EPA designated ETS as a class A carcinogen Surgeon general has concluded that there is no safe level of exposure to ETSo ETS effects Develop cough, headaches, nasal discomfort, eye irritation, breathlessness, and sinus problems Allergies will be exacerbated Causes 4,000 deaths due to lung cancer Contributes to about 46,000 heart disease deaths each year Nonsmokers can be affected by effects of ETS hours after they leave a smoky environment Carbon monoxide lingers in bloodstream 5 hours latero Infants, children and ETS Children exposed to ETS are more likely to have- SIDs - Low-birth weight- Bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma- Reduced lung function- Middle-ear infections- Lung cancer, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis later in lifeo Smoking and pregnancy Doubles risk of miscarriage Increases risk of ectopic pregnancy, premature birth, low birth weight, infant death, behavioral problems, andlong term impairments in growth and intellectual