MCB 450 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last Lecture I. Proton-Motive Force hypothesisII. ATP synthase: Compositions, how it works.III. P/O ratio and the final ATP countIV. Shuttle systemsV. Uncouplers of oxidation phosphorylationOutline of Current Lecture I. Fatty acid catabolism:a. β-oxidation of saturated (even C) fatty acids and the ATP count b. β-oxidation of saturated (uneven C) fatty acidsc. β-oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acidsd. Ketone bodiesII. Fatty acid biosynthesisa. Overviewb. How the cell ensures supply of the precursors acetyl-CoA and NADPHc. Steps of biosynthesisd. Overall equation for the synthesis of one molecule of palmitic acid (16:0)e. Regulation of fatty acid metabolism (allosteric, covalent, hormonalCurrent LectureLipid Degradation-Phosphorylation of perilipin restructures the lipid droplet and releases the coactivator ofATGL-The activation of ATGL by binding with its coactivator initiates the mobilization-Then hormone sensitive lipase releases a fatty acid from diacylglycerol-Monoacylglycerol lipase completes the mobilization process-ATGL -- adipose triglyceride lipase-HS lipase -- hormone sensitive lipase-MAG lipase -- monoacylglycerol lipaseOne cycle of beta-oxidation - for saturated FA-One beta-oxidation cycle will shorten the chain by two carbons and will generate FADH2, NADH, and acetyl CoAHow are odd-carbon fatty acids oxidized?-The oxidation of odd-carbon fatty acids and fatty acids that have double bonds require extra stepsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.-An isomerase and reductase are required -Odd-carbon fatty acids yield propionyl CoA in the final thiolysis stepKetone Bodies-Ketone bodies -- acetoacetate, 3-hydroxybutyrate, and acetoneDiabetic ketosis results when insulin is absent-Diabetes can lead to a life-threatening excess of ketone-bodiesGlucagon/epineprhine-Glucagon will switch off fatty acid synthesis-Insulin will switch on fatty acid
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