MCB 450 1st Edition Lecture 20 Outline of Last Lecture I Proton Motive Force hypothesis II ATP synthase Compositions how it works III P O ratio and the final ATP count IV Shuttle systems V Uncouplers of oxidation phosphorylation Outline of Current Lecture I Fatty acid catabolism a oxidation of saturated even C fatty acids and the ATP count b oxidation of saturated uneven C fatty acids c oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids d Ketone bodies II Fatty acid biosynthesis a Overview b How the cell ensures supply of the precursors acetyl CoA and NADPH c Steps of biosynthesis d Overall equation for the synthesis of one molecule of palmitic acid 16 0 e Regulation of fatty acid metabolism allosteric covalent hormonal Current Lecture Lipid Degradation Phosphorylation of perilipin restructures the lipid droplet and releases the coactivator of ATGL The activation of ATGL by binding with its coactivator initiates the mobilization Then hormone sensitive lipase releases a fatty acid from diacylglycerol Monoacylglycerol lipase completes the mobilization process ATGL adipose triglyceride lipase HS lipase hormone sensitive lipase MAG lipase monoacylglycerol lipase One cycle of beta oxidation for saturated FA One beta oxidation cycle will shorten the chain by two carbons and will generate FADH 2 NADH and acetyl CoA How are odd carbon fatty acids oxidized The oxidation of odd carbon fatty acids and fatty acids that have double bonds require extra steps These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute An isomerase and reductase are required Odd carbon fatty acids yield propionyl CoA in the final thiolysis step Ketone Bodies Ketone bodies acetoacetate 3 hydroxybutyrate and acetone Diabetic ketosis results when insulin is absent Diabetes can lead to a life threatening excess of ketone bodies Glucagon epineprhine Glucagon will switch off fatty acid synthesis Insulin will switch on fatty acid synthesis
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