AXIAL SKELETAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS STRUCTURE INDIVIDUAL BONES SPECIAL FEATURES cranial bones frontal 1 parietal 2 occipital 1 temporal 2 sphenoid 1 ethmoid 1 facial bones maxilla 2 palatine 2 zygoma 2 lacrimal 2 nasal 2 vomer 1 inferior nasal concha 2 mandible 1 coronal suture sagittal suture lambdoidal suture squamosal suture anterior fontanel posterior fontanel anterolateral fontanel posterolateral fontanel external auditory meatus occipital condyles foramen magnum cribriform plate of the ethmoid zygomatic arch sella turcica of the sphenoid orbit cranial fossae anterior middle posterior mandibular fossa skull vertebral column cervical 7 thoracic 12 lumbar 5 sacrum 1 coccyx 1 transverse process transverse foramina spinous process lamina pedicel body centrum articular processes demifacets for ribs vertebral notch intervertebral foramen vertebral foramen spinal canal primary curvatures secondary curvatures atlas axis dens odontoid process ribs 12 pairs sternum 1 costal cartilages suprasternal notch clavicular notch sternal angle manubrium body gladiolus xiphoid process true ribs false ribs floating ribs hyoid bone thoracic cage 1 APPENDICULAR SKELETAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS STRUCTURE INDIVIDUAL BONES SPECIAL FEATURES pectoral girdle clavicle 1 scapula 1 acromion scapular spine glenoid fossa cavity coracoid process humerus 1 head greater and lesser tubercles medial and lateral epicondyles lateral condyle capitulum medial condyle trochlea olecranon fossa coronoid fossa forearm radius 1 ulna 2 head of the radius styloid process of radius trochlear notch of ulna olecranon styloid process of ulna wrist carpals proximal medial to lateral pisiform triquetrum lunate scaphoid upper extremity arm distal medial to lateral hamate capitate trapezoid trapezium metacarpals I V distal heads versus proximal bases os coxae 2 differences between male and female ilium ischium pubis pubic symphysis iliac crest anterior superior iliac spine ischial spine ischial tuberosity obturator foramen acetabulum greater false pelvis lesser true pelvis pelvic brim sacral promontory pelvic inlet pelvic outlet phalanges 14 pelvic girdle 2 lower extremity thigh femur 1 head neck greater and lesser trochanters medial and lateral epicondyles medial and lateral condyles Intercondylar fossa patellar surface patella leg tibia 1 fibula 1 medial and lateral condyles of tibia tibial tuberosity medial malleolus of tibia head of fibula lateral malleolus of fibula ankle tarsals talus calcaneus cuboid navicular lateral cuneiform intermediate cuneiform medial cuneiform medial longitudinal arch lateral longitudinal arch transverse arch metatarsals I V distal heads versus proximal bases phalanges 14 JOINTS YOU SHOULD KNOW temporomandibular joint atlanto occipital joint atlanto axial joint sternoclavicular joint glenohumeral joint the shoulder humeroulnar humeroradial and the proximal radioulnar joints the elbow sacroiliac joint coxal joint the hip tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints the knee talocrural joint the ankle 3