AXIAL SKELETAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTSSTRUCTURE INDIVIDUAL BONES SPECIAL FEATURESskullcranial frontal (1) coronal suturebones parietal (2) sagittal sutureoccipital (1) lambdoidal suturetemporal (2) squamosal suturesphenoid (1) anterior fontanelethmoid (1) posterior fontanelanterolateral fontanelfacial maxilla (2) posterolateral fontanelbones palatine (2) external auditory meatuszygoma (2) occipital condyleslacrimal (2) foramen magnumnasal (2) cribriform plate of the ethmoidvomer (1) zygomatic archinferior nasal concha (2) sella turcica of the sphenoidmandible (1) orbitcranial fossae (anterior, middle, posterior)mandibular fossavertebral column cervical (7) transverse processthoracic (12) transverse foramina lumbar (5) spinous process sacrum (1) lamina coccyx (1) pedicel body (centrum) articular processes demifacets for ribsvertebral notchintervertebral foramenvertebral foramen spinal canalprimary curvaturessecondary curvaturesatlasaxisdens (odontoid process)hyoid bonethoracic cage ribs (12 pairs) costal cartilagessternum (1) suprasternal notchclavicular notchsternal anglemanubriumbody (gladiolus)xiphoid processtrue ribsfalse ribsfloating ribs1APPENDICULAR SKELETAL SYSTEM REQUIREMENTSSTRUCTURE INDIVIDUAL BONES SPECIAL FEATURESpectoral girdle clavicle (1) acromionscapula (1) scapular spineglenoid fossa (cavity)coracoid processupper extremityarm humerus (1) headgreater and lesser tuberclesmedial and lateral epicondyleslateral condyle (capitulum)medial condyle (trochlea)olecranon fossacoronoid fossaforearm radius (1) head of the radius ulna (2) styloid process of radius trochlear notch of ulnaolecranonstyloid process of ulnawrist proximal, medial to lateral(carpals) pisiformtriquetrumlunatescaphoiddistal, medial to lateralhamatecapitatetrapezoidtrapeziummetacarpals I – V distal heads versus proximal basesphalanges (14)(pelvic girdle os coxae (2) differences between male and femaleiliumischiumpubispubic symphysisiliac crestanterior superior iliac spineischial spineischial tuberosityobturator foramenacetabulumgreater (false) pelvislesser (true) pelvispelvic brimsacral promontorypelvic inletpelvic outlet2lower extremitythigh femur (1) headneckgreater and lesser trochantersmedial and lateral epicondylesmedial and lateral condylesIntercondylar fossapatellar surfacepatellaleg tibia (1) medial and lateral condyles of tibiafibula (1) tibial tuberositymedial malleolus of tibiahead of fibulalateral malleolus of fibulaankle talus medial longitudinal arch(tarsals) calcaneus lateral longitudinal archcuboid transverse archnavicularlateral cuneiform intermediate cuneiformmedial cuneiformmetatarsals I – V distal heads versus proximal basesphalanges (14)JOINTS YOU SHOULD KNOWtemporomandibular jointatlanto-occipital jointatlanto-axial jointsternoclavicular jointglenohumeral joint (the shoulder)humeroulnar, humeroradial, and the proximal radioulnar joints (the elbow)sacroiliac jointcoxal joint (the hip)tibiofemoral and patellofemoral joints (the knee)talocrural joint (the