Skeletal System Axial Skeleton Study Questions 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 List the 6 functions of the SKELETEL SYSTEM Name 4 cell types of the SKELETEL SYSTEM Type of cell that is mitotic and g r t osteoblast cells Type of skeletal cells that are non mitotic secrets collagen Ca 2salts Type of cell osteoblasts g r t are non mitotic and do NOT secrete collagen Type of bone cell that breaks bone down shapes it Where do osteoclasts come from How do osteoclasts break down shape bone is the fundamental unit of compact bone makes up 35 of compact bone gives it makes up 65 of compact bone gives it strength against What causes brittle bones in older people is the fundamental unit of spongy bone Name 4 bone morphologies are weight bearing bones of the body are the ends of long bones that are covered in articular cartilage Shaft of long bones is known as The cavity inside the diaphysis of long bones is the lining of the medullary cavity The consists of two layers that cover the diaphysis of bone What is the outer layer of the periosteum made up of What does the inner layer of the periosteum consist of The epiphysis is primarily but not entirely made up of bone The epiphysis contains what type of bone marrow The medullary cavity stores what type of bone marrow marrow is specialized C T that is hemopoetic blood producing marrow is fat for energy storage Purpose of having spongy bone T F Flat bones contain both spongy bone and compact bone Name 4 places in skeleton that you find flat bones Main type of ossification seen in flat bones its starting material Main type of ossification seen in long short and its starting material Primary ossification centers of hyaline cartilage grt to Secondary ossification centers of hyaline cartilage grt to Name draw the 4 zones the epiphyseal plate Disease where bone does not produce enough Ca salts thus have too much collagen making bones rubbery skeleton consists of your skull vertebrae ribs hyoid bone and ear ossicles skeleton consists of limbs and pectoral pelvic girdles Only bone in the body that does NOT articulate with another bone Name the 3 bones of the ear Purpose of processes on vertebra Vertebrae found in your neck Vertebrae found in your chest region Vertebrae found in your lower back region Fused vertebrae found in pelvic region 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 Fused vertebrae that makes up tailbone Distinguishing characteristic for cervical vertebrae C1 C2 are depressions found on C1 for holding the skull of C2 is for allowing the head to turn Posterior process is angled inferiorly vertebrae Small posterior process indicates a vertebrae is the superior end of the sternum and is inferior end ribs articulate with the sternum ribs do NOT articulate with the sternum T F All ribs articulate directly or indirectly with the sternum ANSWERS Axial Skeleton 1 protect support movement mineral storage producing blood energy storage 2 osteoprogenitor cells osteoblasts osteocytes osteoclasts 3 osteoprogenitor cells 4 osteoblasts 5 osteocytes 6 osteoclasts 7 WBC monocytes 8 produce enzyme to break down collagen acid to dissolve Ca salts 9 Osteon Haversian System 10 collagen flexibility tensile strength 42 cervical 11 Ca salts compression 43 thoracic 12 stop producing collagen 44 lumbar 13 trabecula 45 sacrum 14 long short flat irregular 46 coccyx 15 long bones 47 holes in transverse processes 16 epiphyses 48 atlas 17 diaphysis 49 axis 18 medullary cavity 50 fossa 19 endosteum 51 odontoid process dens 20 periosteum 52 thoracic 21 dense connective tissue 53 lumbar 22 op cells ob cells oc cells 54 manubrium xiphoid process 23 spongy 55 true ribs 24 red marrow 56 false ribs 25 yellow marrow 57 false 26 red 27 yellow 28 reduce weight of skeleton 29 true 30 skull sternum scapula ribs 31 intramembranous mesenchyme 32 endochondrial hyaline cartilage 33 diaphysis 34 epiphyses 35 zone of resting cart Zone of mitotic cart Zone of hypertrophy Zone of calcified matrix 36 Ricketts 37 axial 38 appendicular 39 hyoid bone 40 malleus incus stapes 41 anchor for muscles and ligaments