BIO 240 Dr. Gilley Lecture 24Outline of Last Lecture C. Cell types of the Nervous System1. Neurons2. Multipolar Neuron Anatomy3. NeurogliaOutline of Current LectureD. Connective Tissues of the Nervous System I. CNS – Brain AnatomyA. Gross Anatomy and FunctionCurrent LectureD. Connective Tissues of the Nervous System 1. Epineurium Connective tissue that wraps around peripheral nervous tissue. 2. Perineurium Connective tissue that wraps around fascicles of nerves. 3. Endoneurium Connective tissue that wraps around individual neuronalprocesses. I. CNS – Brain AnatomyA. Gross Anatomy and Function1. Meninges External CT layers for protection of the brain and a framework for blood vessels to grow. i. Dura matera. Very thick covering over the entire brainii. Arachnoid matera. Subarachnoid layer Layer between the arachnoid and pia mater that holds CSF circulating over the entire brain.b. Tight to the brain and has a rich blood supplyiii. Pia mater a. Very thin layer glued tightly over the brain; what makes our dissection specimens seems shiny. iv. Meningitis Inflammation of the meninges usually caused by bacterial or viral infections. Infection is usually through your nose,throat, or ears. 2. 3 Major Regionsi. Cerebrum Makes up 83% of the brain’s total volume. Functions in intelligence, sensory, and motor. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.ii. Cerebellum Makes up about 10% of the brain’s total volume. 50% of the total neurons of the brain are located here. Functions in fine movement, balance, and muscle tone. iii. Brain stem Consists of the midbrain or “mesencephalon”, the pons, and the medulla oblongata. a. Pons and medulla oblongata are autonomic. For example, have respiratory nuclei that help with respiration, and control heart beat. 3. External Structures of the cerebrum and cerebellum i. Gyrus Thick folds of the brain separated by grooves. ii. Sulcus A shallow groove of the brain that separates the gyra.iii. Longitudinal fissure A deep groove that separates the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres. iv. Transverse fissure A deep lateral groove that separates the cerebrum from the cerebellum. v. Lobes Regions of the cerebrum that correspond with skull bones: frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal. 4. Internal Structures of the cerebrum and cerebellumi. Corpus callosum Largest white matter area of the brain. Connects the left and right hemispheres for communication.ii. Fornix White matter that connects the hippocampus to the hypothalamus. iii. Pineal gland Produces melatonin, which is a hormone that regulates sleep cycles. iv. Thalamus THE relay center of the brain for all motor and sensory function, except smell. Transverse FissurePineal
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