APPENDICULAR SKELETAL MUSCLESPECTORAL GIRDLE (shoulder): elevate / depression & retract / protract shoulders**Multiple muscles of head, neck, back, chest, and brachium either originate or insert in the clavicle/scapulaBRACHIUM: upper armMuscle Action1. Deltoid prime mover of arm abduction*adduction - NO specific muscle that adducts arm 1) gravity 2) pectoralis major 3) latissimus dorsi2. Biceps brachii flexor (primary mover)3. Triceps brachii extensorANTEBRACHIUM: lower arm or “forearm”Muscle Action 1. brachioradialis (hum-rad) synergists to biceps2. anconeus (distal hum-superior ulna) synergist to triceps (over elbow joint)3. pronator teres (hum-rad, over elbow) pronation pronator quadratus (dist rad to dist ulna)4. suppinator (hum-rad) supination1antagonisticAPPENDICULAR SKELETAL MUSCLESPELVIC GIRDLE: Coxal boneMuscle ACTION 1. Iliosoas flexion (picking knee up)2. Gluteus maximus extensor (standing up straight)FEMORAL REGION = “Thigh”*3 Compartments for thigh, separated by fascia (dense conn. tissue) – Posterior / Medial / Anterior compartmentsMuscle Action1. Tensor Fascia Lata abducts hip (leg out)*Iliotibial band = IT Band (DCT) *NOT in 1 of compartments (on lateral side of leg) Medial Compartment = “groin” muscles2. Adductor magnus #2-#5 = adduction of hip3. Adductor longus 4. Adductor brevis **Antagonistic to Tensor Fascia Lata5. Pectineus ** GROIN PULLS6. Gracilis weak adductor of hip & weak knee flexor (crosses 2 joints – hip & knee)2Antagonistic groups:hamstrings & quadsTFL & groin musclesSartoriusPosterior Compartment = “hamstrings”Muscle Action7. Hamstingsa. semimembranosus (coxal/tibia) all 3 are extensors of hip & flexors of kneeb. semitendinosusc. biceps femorisAnterior Compartment = “quadriceps” Muscle Action8. Quadriceps femoris crosses 2 joints (hip / knee)a. vastus lateralisb. vastus intermedius All are flexors of hip & extensors of kneec. vastus medialisd. rectus femoris9. Sartorius longest muscle in body - flexes/abducts laterally/rotatesthigh & flexes knee (cross legged position)3CRURAL REGION = “lower leg”Muscle Action1. gastrocnemius (posterior “calf”) plantar flexion of foot*Achilles tendon –attaches gastrocnemius to calcaneus (heel bone)2. tibialis anterior dorsiflexion of
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