HIST 3121 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture I. The Weimar republicII. Weimar RadicalismIII. HyperinflationIV. The Dawes PlanV. Lenin and the USSRVI. Stalin and the USSRVII. New Global Power (USA)Outline of Current Lecture I. TurkeyII. EgyptIII. General Syrian Congress ResolutionIV. Mesopotamia to IraqV. Mandate of PalestineVI. IndiaVII. AfricaVIII. Pan- AfricanismIX. China and VietnamX. JapanThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Current LectureI. Turkey-a. 1919-1922: Greek and allied forces occupy Istanbuli. Mustafa Kemal forms nationalist government based in Ankarab. 1922- Greece defeatedc. 1923: The republic of Turkeyi. Modernize= “westernize”. Secular republic based on European lawsii. Suppress Muslim schools and courtsiii. Replace Arabic alphabet with latiniv. Gender equality1. Discourages veiling, mean with beards and fezv. Imams (religious leaders) appointed by the governmentvi. Single-party democracy?d. 193: Turks adopt centralized planningi. Similar to Stalin’s 5 year plan in USSRII. Egypt-a. “levels” if independence, role of religion in state and modernityb. 1919: Egyptian “revolution” and SaadZaghlulc. 1920/24: “liberal experiment”i. The Wafd Party, King Farouk and the Residencyii. “independence”iii. British reserve right to station troops a long Suez canaliv. Lasts until 1952v. Questions of Egyptian modernityd. 1929: Muslim Brotherhood founded by Hasan al- Bannai. Secretiveii. Fundamentalist organizationiii. Help the poor with education and healthcareIII. General Syrian Congress Resolution-a. 7/2/1919b. 1. We asked absolutely complete political independence for Syria…c. 6. We do not acknowledge any right claimed by the French government in any part whatever of our Syrian country…d. 7. We oppose the pretensions of the Zionists to create a Jewish commonwealth in the southern part of Syria, known as Palestine, and oppose Zionist migration toany part of our country…Our Jewish compatriots shall enjoy our common rights and assume common responsibilities.e. 9. We ask for complete independence for emancipated Mesopotamia and there should be no economic barriers between the two countries.f. 10. The fundamental principles laid down by President Wilson in condemnation of secret treaties impel us to protest most emphatically against any treaty that stipulates the partition of our Syrian country [into Lebanon] and against any private engagement aiming at the establishment of Zionism in the southern part of Syria [Palestine].IV. Mesopotamia and Iraq-a. 1920- British Mandate of Mesopotamiai. Mosul/ Kirkuk, Baghdad and Basraii. Revolts against British1. Immediately destroyed (revolters)b. 1921: Emir Faisal Hussein and “Iraq”i. Had accepted Balfour declarationii. Establishment of Iraq Petroleum companyc. 1922: major revolts endd. 1927: major oil discoverye. 1932: increases independence/ domestic control (often local)V. Mandate of Palestine-a. 1919: General Syrian congressi. Conflicted historyb. 1920: Palestine mandatei. Jewish migration begins (Haganah)c. 1922: Churchill white paperd. 1922 census:i. Arabs- 600,000ii. Jews- 83,000e. 1931 census:i. Arabs- 760,000ii. Jews- 174,000f. 1936-1939: The “Arab Revolt”g. 1944 census:i. Arabs- 1,060,000ii. Jews- 520,000VI. India-a. Impact of WWI-i. 1919: Rowlatt Act; Amritsar Massacre1. Government of India act; “dyarchy”ii. 1920: Gandhi and Swarajib. Question of modernity/ industryi. 1930: Gandhi and the salt marchii. 1930’s: Jawaharlal Nehruc. Question of modernity/ religioni. 1940:1. Muhammad ali Jinnah2. Muslim League3. The Lahore declarationVII. Africa-a. South Africa-i. 1910- act of Unionii. 1923: African National Congressiii. 1939: Natives Land Act1. British get 90% of landb. Kenya-i. 1922: East African Native Association1. Harry Thuku arrested in 1940’sa. Leader of the Kenya African National Unionc. French NW Africa-i. 10930’s- Negritude movement1. Paris, French-speakingVIII. Pan- Africanism-a. Address the colonial/ European relations and independenceb. Links Africans to African- American’si. Political links via National Congressc. 1900- Pan- African conferenced. W.E. DuBois (1868- 1963)i. 1919- first Pan- African Conferenceii. London Manifestoe. Marcus Garvey-i. Jamaica, Great Britain and USii. Establishment of Black Star Linesiii. Liberia Planiv. Convicted of mail fraudv. Deported to JamaicaIX. China and Vietnam-a. Qing dynasty collapses in Chinai. Political instability 1949ii. Question of independence and modernityb. 1919: Peace Conference and May 4th movementc. Chinese Communist Party establishedd. 1923-27: “United Front”i. Guomindangvs. communiste. 1927: Mao’s Hunan Reporti. Peasants are capable of revolutionii. Importance of land reformf. 1930/31: peasant revolt in Vietnami. Self-organized “soviets”ii. Communist party establishedX. Japan-a. Meiji restorationi. Very rapid industrializationii. Imperial expansion in Asia:1. 1875- Formosa2. 1905- Liadong (Russia and Japanese war)3. 1910- Koreab. 1910’s: Genro&Ziabatsuc. 1914: Japan declares war on Germany for Shandong peninsulad. 1915: 21 demands on chinae. 1921: Washington conferencef. 1924-31: “Shidehera” diplomacyi. Suffrage movements