World at War 1st Edition Lecture 13 Outline of Last LectureI. Return to NormalcyII. Mass cultureIII. WritingIV. PaintingV. Post war Science/ societyVI. Gender and sexualityVII. Alexandra KollontaiVIII. Nativism and EugenicsOutline of Current Lecture I. The Weimar republicII. Weimar RadicalismIII. HyperinflationIV. The Dawes PlanV. Lenin and the USSRVI. Stalin and the USSRVII. New Global Power (USA)Current Lecture-These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.I. The Weimar Republic –a. Aug 1919: Constitutional Federal Republic established.i. Multi- party parliament with many factions1. Social Democratsii. Increases suffrage and participationiii. Economic difficulties and Versailles Treaty1. War loans2. Reparations3. Pensions4. Social welfareiv. Political instability-1. 20 different cabinets in 14 yearsv. Susceptible to demagoguery-1. Anger towards the “west”a. Weimar governmentb. Communistc. Workersd. Big businesse. JewsII. Weimar Radicalism-a. 1919-i. Jan: Spartacists vs. Freikorpsii. Feb: Kurt Eisner killediii. Sept: National Socialist German Worker’s Party (NSDAP)b. 1920-i. Feb: Nazi 25 point programii. March: Kapp/Luttwits Putsch in Berlinc. 1921-i. July: Hitler becomes Nazi chairman d. 1923-i. Jan: Occupation of Ruhr Valleyii. Nov: Ludendroff and Hitler’s “beerhall” Putsch in Bravia1. Trial and eventual jail sentence (Hitler)III. Hyperinflation-a. April 1921- Germany needed to pay 132 billion in gold marksb. Germany delay/ defaulted on their debtc. 1923: hyperinflationi. Jan $1= 7200ii. July $1= 160,000iii. Dec $1= 4,200,000,000,000d. Jan: FR and Belgium occupy Ruhri. Workers go on strikee. German Government keeps printing paper currency; hyperinflationi. People who got the money wouldn’t even use it because it was so unworthy of anythingii. The currency was often burnedf.IV. The Dawes Plan-a. Plan to get Weimar Germany out of hyperinflationb. 1921- 22: Washington Naval conferencei. 5 power naval treatyii. 4 power treaty: status quo in Asiaiii. 9 power treaty: “open door”c. 1924: Dawes Plani. $200 billion loan from USii. Reduced reparationsd. 1925: Locarno Pacti. Peaceful stabilization of borders1. Poland and Czech were promised defensee. 1926: Germany joins the League of nationsf. 1928: Kellogg- Briand Pacti. “renounce war as in instrument of national policy”V. Lenin and the USSR-a. “war communism” and Chekab. 1921: New economic policyi. Ends collectivism, heavy industry, banks and state owned rail roadii. Invites foreign capitalists to help develop the Soviet unionc. 1921-22: US helps set up 18,000 feeding stations d. 1922: The USSR is establishedi. “Basmachi Revolt”- a Muslim revolt against the USSRe. 1924- Lenin dies; and there is a power strugglei. Trotsky- “permanent revolution”ii. Stalin- “socialism in one country”VI. Stalin and USSR-a. 1927: Stalin and the politburob. 1928: first 5- year plani. Central planning for modernizationii. Industrialization (4x from 1928 to 1937)iii. Urbanization (25 million)c. 1929: Agricultural collectivismi. “Kulaks” and Ukraine1. The Kulaks are land owners and during the collectivism they were completely wiped out.2. If Ukraine couldn’t supply enough food to Germany, they would bestarved because all of their resources was cut offii. By 1938 93% of the farmers farmed on state own landiii. Mechanization leads to collectivismiv. 1930: The state take possession of all landsVII. New Global Power (USA)-a. By 1918 the allies owed the US over 3.5 billion dollarsi. Roles were reversed because before the war the US owed that muchb. NYC replaced London ad financial center of the worldc. Influence on foreign banks and countries vis-à-vis loansd. Consumer and domestic economye. International trade and “open door”f. Europeans worried the world would become “Americanized”g. 1929: $95 million in US and Soviet tradei. 2x the highest US and Russian