HIST 3121 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 13Schlieffen Plan - Germans war effort to fight the war in the East and then in the West. First circle and capture Paris then go to fight Russia. This ended up not working and the German’s were fighting a two front war.Liege- A German offensive to take Belgium’s main military defense system. used the “Big Bertha” gunBattle of Marne- The battle that saved Paris. Battle where trench systems first started by the German’s having to dig in because they couldn’t counterattack the allied forces.Race to the Sea- Trench systems that tried to out flank the opposing side- ended at the North Sea.2 nd Battle of Ypres- Marked that first mass use of poison gas by the German’sEdith Cavell- Belgium nurse killed by a German firing squad.Battle of Somme- GB/ FR mass attack against Germany over a 21 mile line. This battle introduces French tanks, and airplane strafing of German lines. Called “Black day of the British Army”.Gallipoli Campaign- GB wanted to sail through the Dardanelles straight to capture Istanbul, Turkey. They failed because of mines and Turkish gunners on top of mountains.Bolsheviks- Russian Social-Democratic workers’ party. Led by Lenin and controlled the government in Russia.Battle of Verdun- “Dead Man’s Hill”. German offensive to take Verdun, which was a strong military city away from the French. Wanted to “bleed the French white.”Nivelle Offensive- Best German trench systems. They created camo block houses, and led the French into a kill zone of cross fire.Russian March Revolution- Civilian riots due to starvation and low resources. There was a decrease in food production, and rationing started.Kerensky Offensive- German troops were forced to fight in a battle they didn’t want fight, then they had to retreat.Treaty of Brest-Litovsk- A peace treaty between the Bolsheviks and the Central Powers (March, 3, 1918)Danzig- A city between Germany and East Prussia at the tip of the Polish Corridor. Historically German but it became an international city.Battle of Jutland- Naval Sea War, between GB Royal Navy and GR High Seas Fleet. GB lost 14 ships and GR lost 11 ships. The British shipped out numbered the German ships.Alsace-Lorraine- The region between Germany and France that became demilitarized. This territory was constantly fought overMandate System- How land was split up after the war (5 countries involved)Battle of Tannenburg- Russia v. Germany. The Russian 2nd division was destroyed. Known for theGerman’s fast railroad movement and Russia’s not coded radio messages.Zepplin- An air balloon that the German’s created that was used to bomb cities such as London.Hussein/McMahon- Agreement to give Arabs a piece of land of the Ottoman Empire after the warSykes/Picot- Secret agreement between the United Kingdom and France to give land of the Ottoman Empire to themselves.Balfour Declaration- British Prime Minister that promised Jews that they would get part of the Ottoman Empire when the war was over.European Map: Middle Eastern Map:Austria, Hungary, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Baltic States, Yugoslavia, DanzigIraq, Palestine, Syria, Lebanon, TransjordanEvolution of military warfare:- Industrial military production (oil)- Formalization of General Staff- Transportation & communication- Evolution of Military Aviation- Recon, strafing, bombing, naval aviation- Evolution of Land Warfare- Armored cav., artillery, gas, camouflage, trench systems- Evolution of Naval Warfare, - Submarines, oil, compartmentalized ships, torpedoes, mines, charges,