Lecture OutlineI. Economic LiberalismII. Political LiberalismIII. NationalismIV. Industrialization & UrbanizationI. Economic LiberalismA. What’s considered Economic liberalism1. Concept that a government should not try to control prices, rents, and/or wages but instead let open competition and forces of demand and supply create equilibrium between them that benefits the vast majority of citizens.2. In general, favors redistribution of income through taxes and welfare payments.B. Joint Stock Company (1602)C. Wealth of Nations (1776)1. Based on Production2. Very anti-colony3. Viewed that self -interest is good for society and saw that human nature was negative and greedy.4. Competition lead to inequality, so if the people can sort out their own problems the end product will be better5. The “Invisible Hand”- metaphor used by Adam Smith to describe unintended social benefits resulting from individual actions. The phrase is employed by Smith with respect to income distribution (1759) and production (1776).a) People didn’t do things because they liked to, they did it because it was how they supported themselves and their families6. The law of supply and demand came into the pictureD. 3main functions1. Defense2. Infrastructure3. JusticeV. Political LiberalismA. What is Political Liberalism?1. Concept that the preservation of individual liberty and maximization of freedom of choice should be the primary aim of a representative government. It stresses that all individuals stand equal before law (without class privileges)B. 1989- English bill of rights1. It defends freedom of speech and press, freedom of artistic and intellectual expression, freedom of worship, private property, and use of state resources for the welfare of the individual.C. Rule of Law1. The social contract2. From subject to CitizenD. Creation of the state1. 1776-89- the US revolution and Constitution2. 1789-1815- French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of ManE. Increased constitutional limitations on the government.F. The building of representative assembly.G. The question of who has the ability to vote and who gets the vote.*** has control over the economy***VI. Nationalism (19th Century)A. Nations have a unique character shred among some citizens but there are different varieties of character1. Constant tensions between “National Identity”a) Race and languageB. Loyalty to the nation, not what class a person is said to be part of.C. With nationality people get “egos”1. Want to support their country2. Want to defend their Country3. Fight for their countrya) Nazi Germany is a great example of NationalismD. Personification:1. Uncle Sam (USA)2. John Bull (Great Britian)3. Marianne (france)4. KaiserVII. “Civil Religion”A. ArchitectureB. MythsC. SaintsD. IconographyVIII. EducationA. Mass education in “modern” states (19th Century)IX. Industrialization/UrbanizationA. Two Historical Phases1. Coal, iron and Steam2. Oil, Steel and ElectricityB. Revolutionizes transportation1. Because of steel productiona) Steamships, railroads to automobiles and planesC. Mechanisms of Production and agriculture raises urbanization.1. Ends land tenancy (possession) labor around the globeD. Urbanization-1. Creates social inequality (crystal palace vs. slums)2. Creates rural/urban economic relationship3. Creates urban working-class and class conflictsa) Wages, working conditions, work week hoursE. Urban Workers4. Powered by Political Liberalism systems5. Want rights/ protectiona) Fewer hours, higher wages, better facilitiesE. Urbanization needs raw material and markets. With the rise of the global market system.HIST 3121 1st Edition Lecture 1 Understanding “modernity” background.Lecture OutlineI. Economic LiberalismII. Political LiberalismIII. NationalismIV. Industrialization & UrbanizationI. Economic LiberalismA. What’s considered Economic liberalism1. Concept that a government should not try to control prices, rents, and/or wages but instead let open competition and forces of demand and supply create equilibrium between them that benefits the vast majority of citizens.2. In general, favors redistribution of income through taxes and welfare payments.B. Joint Stock Company (1602) C. Wealth of Nations (1776)1. Based on Production2. Very anti-colony3. Viewed that self -interest is good for society and saw that human nature was negative and greedy.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.4. Competition lead to inequality, so if the people can sort out their own problems the end product will be better5. The “Invisible Hand”- metaphor used by Adam Smith to describe unintended social benefits resulting from individual actions. The phrase is employed by Smith with respect to income distribution (1759) and production (1776).a) People didn’t do things because they liked to, they did it because itwas how they supported themselves and their families6. The law of supply and demand came into the pictureD. 3main functions1. Defense2. Infrastructure3. JusticeV. Political LiberalismA. What is Political Liberalism?1. Concept that the preservation of individual liberty and maximization of freedom of choice should be the primary aim of a representative government. It stresses that all individuals stand equal before law (without class privileges)B. 1989- English bill of rights1. It defends freedom of speech and press, freedom of artistic and intellectual expression, freedom of worship, private property, and use of state resources for the welfare of the individual.C. Rule of Law1. The social contract2. From subject to CitizenD. Creation of the state1. 1776-89- the US revolution and Constitution2. 1789-1815- French Revolution and the Declaration of the Rights of ManE. Increased constitutional limitations on the government.F. The building of representative assembly.G. The question of who has the ability to vote and who gets the vote.*** has control over the economy*** *Taxing (fiscal)*Printing money (monetary)Spending (budget)VI. Nationalism (19th Century)A. Nations have a unique character shred among some citizens but there aredifferent varieties of character1. Constant tensions between “National Identity”a) Race and language B. Loyalty to the nation, not what class a person is said to be part of.C. With nationality people get “egos” 1. Want to support their country2. Want to