JOURN 3000 1st Edition Lecture 20Outline of Last LectureI. CPI Outline of Current LectureI. Public Opinion II. Publicity III. Ivy LeeIV. Bernays Current LecturePublic Opinion A reexamination after the war Lippmann in 1920: Newspapers the “Bible of Democracy” – but they let America down Movement from ‘world ruled by public opinion’ to ‘public opinion must be managed, engineered’ Lippmann: Classical marketplace of ideas is unrealistic Yes – No Lippmann calls for experts to gather and process public information Lippmann doubts newspapers can fulfill their role in a democratic society Lippmann: Classical marketplace of ideas is unrealistic Yes – No Lippmann calls for experts to gather and process public information Lippmann doubts newspapers can fulfill their role in a democratic society These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. John Dewey argues for public education and reform of news Dewey: “knowledge is a function of association and communication” H.L. Mencken: “Public opinion, in its raw state, gushes out in the immemorial form of the mob's fears … It is piped to central factories, and there it is flavored and colored, andput into cans.”PublicityProgressive publicity“Broad searchlight for exposing excess and corruption” Standard Oil released first public statement in 1904 Press Agents – two meanings: Promoters – literary and theatrical agents Firms, individuals hired to gain favorable coverage; publicity agents Publicity Bureau of Boston hired by railroads in 1905 Tailored positive publicity about railroads ex. June 1905: 212 newspaper columns unfavorable to RRs in Nebraska, 2 favorable; 11 weeks later, 202 favorable articles, 4 unfavorable Critics of publicity bureaus decry secrecy Press agent corrupted public opinion (because source ‘unrecognizable’) Treason to the spirit of self-governance Ivy Lee Worked in newspapers Publicity manager for the Citizens' Union, 1903 Founded firm with fellow publicity agent, George Parker Says he saw a need for business to respond to Muckraking Parker & Lee slogan: Accuracy, Authenticity, and Interest Parker & Lee issue a declaration of principles Pennsylvania Railroad accident New York Central, Penn accidents in 1906 Lee invited reporters to accident scene; held briefings, interviews; used fact sheets Penn RR praised for openness, concern for safety Coal mine strike ‘Ludlow Massacre’ Lee issues press releases, bulletins to opinion leaders, press Materials contain misleading, inaccurate info I.G. Farben Industries Farben powerful in Nazi Germany Hired to counter criticism of Farben in the US, to make Farben palatable to Wall St. investors Subject of Congressional investigation – accused of being Nazi publicist Led to Foreign Agents Registration Act Edward Bernays One of the fathers of Public Relations Publicist for theatre, ballet and opera stars in 1913 Worked for CPI during World War One Started PR firm with Doris Fleischman in
View Full Document
Unlocking...