JOURN 3000 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last LectureOutline of Current LectureI. Pre-historyCurrent LectureExplanation of Origins Agency History driven by individual choices Collective action? Unintended consequences? Functionalism History driven by vacuums created by unfulfilled needs Explanation? Identifies causes by way of effects Fails to specify a selective/adaptive mechanism Fails to explain dysfunction Structure History driven by cultural, material, and institutional environments Responsibility? Structural explanation Cultural structure/factorsThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. Material structure/factors Institutional structure/factors Cultural structure Ideas, values, attitudes Why does the early American newspaper emerge as a quasi-political institution? Content: Political news, political essays Staff: Tied to/appointed by political factions, parties; Printing merchants Support: Political subsidies Audience: Voters to be persuaded Material structure Geography, technology, economy Why does the political press give way to the ‘Penny Press’ in the 1830s and following? Content: Stories on nitty-gritty of urban life; local, entertainment Staff: Entrepreneurs, information gatherers Support: Advertising Audience: Consumers, middle and working classes; mass circulation Institutional structure Institutions - government, church, school, family, business Why does broadcast journalism emerge in the US around World War II? Many radio stations in early 1920s initially owned by newspapers; many false starts Only brief news bulletins twice a day in 1930s Broadcast journalism begins earlier elsewhere Specifying collective action Structure … Evolution Demonstration Ideation Evolution/survival of the fittest Best adapted innovation wins out Example: Biological evolution (natural selection) Challenge: Must specify the selective mechanism Political press Demonstration Once people are exposed to an attractive option, they will desire to adopt it Example: Economic globalism (desire affluence) Challenge: Must specify the means of demonstration; why the option is attractive Penny press Ideation A new theory answers a question that the old theory or old ways of doing things could not Example: Scientific revolutions (Ptolemaic theory gives way to Copernicus’ theory) Challenge: highly ideational-communal; a new generation of adherents must replace an older generation Objectivity Why historical explanation? News media, advertising, PR result of historical outcomes We gain better control of our own institutional
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