HDFS 2317 1st Edition Lecture 1811 - The Self, Identity, and PersonalityOutline of Previous LectureI. The Death System and Cutural ContextsII. Defining Death and Life/ Death IssuesIII. A Developmental Perspective on DeathIV. Suicide Risk FactorsV. Facing One’s Own DeathVI. Coping with the Death of Someone ElseOutline of Current Lecture I. Self-UnderstandingII. The SelfIII. Changes in Self-Understanding in AdulthoodIV. Self-Esteem and Self-ConceptV. Issues with Self-EsteemVI. Self-Esteem in Childhood and AdolescenceVII. Self-Esteem in AdulthoodVIII. IdentityIX. Erikson’s Ideas on IdentityX. Identity’s ComponentsXI. Contemporary Views of IdentityXII. Identity Statuses Current LectureI. Self-Understandinga. Self — All characteristics of a personi. Self-understanding, self-esteem, self-conceptb. Identity — who a person is, representing a synthesis of self-understandingc. Personality — enduring personal characteristics of individualsd. Cognitive representation of the self, substance of self conceptionse. Visual self-recognition tests infantsf. Young children perceive self as external characteristicsg. Older children recognize difference between inner and outer statesII. The Selfa. Self-understanding in adolescenceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Self-conscious; preoccupied with selfii. Contradictions within the self: has multiple roles iii. Fluctuating self over time and situationsiv. Real and ideal selves: constructed, compared1. Thoughts of “possible selves”v. Self-integration in sense of identityb. Developmental changes in self-esteemi. Concern today: Unmerited praise as child linked to inflated self-esteem in college students; difficulty handling competition and criticismc. Adulthoodi. Results vary on self-esteem decreasingii. Individual coping skills affects perceptions of changes, events; social context mattersIII. Changes in Self-Understanding in Adulthooda. Self-Awarenessi. Awareness of strengths and weaknesses1. Improves in young and middle adulthoodii. Possible Selves1. Get fewer and more concrete with age2. Some revise throughout adulthoodiii. Life Review1. Some in middle age, common in older adults2. Evaluations of successes and failuresIV. Self-Esteem and Self-Concepta. Self-esteemi. Global evaluative dimension of the selfii. Same as self-worth or imageb. Self-concepti. Domain-specific evaluations of the selfV. Issues with Self-Esteema. Persons with high self-esteem i. Increased happiness ii. Have greater initiative iii. Prone to both prosocial and antisocial actionsb. Undeserved high self-esteemi. Narcissism: self-centered, self-concernedii. Conceitediii. Lack of awareness linked to adjustment problemsVI. Self-Esteem in Childhood and Adolescencea. Accuracy of self-evaluations increases across the elementary school years b. Majority of adolescents have positive self-image cross-culturallyc. Girls’ self-esteem is significantly lower than boys’ by middle school yearsVII. Self-Esteem in Adulthooda. Some researchers find drops in self-esteem in late adulthood; others don’tb. Older adults with positive self-esteemi. May not see losses as negativelyii. Decrease in knowledge-related goalsiii. Increase in emotion-related goalsVIII. Erikson’s Ideas on Identitya. Identity versus identity confusionb. Adolescents examine who they are, what they are about, and where they aregoing in lifei. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SR8j_P1O0osc. Psychosocial moratoriumi. Gap between childhood security and adult autonomy, part of adolescent identity explorationIX. Identity’s ComponentsX. Contemporary Views of Identitya. Gradual, lengthy processb. Identity formation neither begins nor ends with adolescencei. Appearance of attachmentii. Development of a sense of selfiii. Emergence of independence in infancyc. Resolution does not mean lifetime stability XI. Identity Statuses a. According to Marcia: Individuals go through periods ofb. Crisis: exploring alternatives during identity developmentc. Commitment: individuals show personal investment in what they are going to