KIN 123 1st Edition Lecture 10 Chapters 7 and 8 Addiction and Smoking class notes Addictive behaviors are habits that have gotten out of control resulting in negative effects on a person s health Concept of addiction as a disease process based in brain chemistry rather than moral failing led to many advances Characteristics of addictive behavior o Reinforcement o Compulsion or craving o Loss of control o Escalation o Negative consequences Addictive behavior o The development of addiction Often starts when person does something to pleasure or to avoid pain o Characteristics of people with addictions Difficulty dealing with stress and painful emotions Risk takers impulse control problems o Examples of addictive behaviors Compulsive exercising Compulsive gambling Work addiction Sex and love addiction Compulsive buying or shopping Internet addiction Who uses tobacco and why o 71 million Americans currently smoke o 23 of men and 18 of women smoked in 2008 o Nicotine addiction Nicotine powerful psychoactive drug The most physically addictive of all psychoactive drugs Reaches the brain via the bloodstream in seconds Loss of control Tolerance and withdrawal o Social and psychological factors Established habits or cues trigger urge to smoke Why start in the first place Nearly 90 of adult smokers started before age 18 Average age for starting smoking or using smokeless tobacco o 15yo These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Rationalizing the dangers The immediate effects of smoking Acts on the brain by either exciting or tranquilizing the nervous system Inhibits formation of urine Constricts blood vessels Accelerates heart rate Elevates blood pressure Depresses hunger contractions Dulls taste buds The long term effects of smoking Cardiovascular disease o Coronary heart disease CHD o Atherosclerosis plaque buildup o Myocardial infarction heart attack o Stroke o Aortic aneurism o Pulmonary heart disease Lung cancer and other cancers COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease o Emphysema o Chronic bronchitis Additional health cosmetic and economic concerns o Ulcers and heart burn o Reproductive health problems o Dental diseases o Diminished senses o Injuries and accidents o Cosmetic concerns o Economic costs Cumulative effects o Males who smoke before 15 yrs old and continue to smoke are half as likely to live to 75 versus those who did not smoke o Smokers spend one third more time away from their jobs because of illness than nonsmokers o Both men and women show a greater rate of acute and chronic diseases The effects of smoking on the nonsmoker o Environmental tobacco smoke ETS EPA designated ETS as a class A carcinogen Surgeon general has concluded that there is no safe level of exposure to ETS o ETS effects Develop cough headaches nasal discomfort eye irritation breathlessness and sinus problems Allergies will be exacerbated o o Causes 4 000 deaths due to lung cancer Contributes to about 46 000 heart disease deaths each year Nonsmokers can be affected by effects of ETS hours after they leave a smoky environment Carbon monoxide lingers in bloodstream 5 hours later Infants children and ETS Children exposed to ETS are more likely to have SIDs Low birth weight Bronchitis pneumonia and asthma Reduced lung function Middle ear infections Lung cancer emphysema and chronic bronchitis later in life Smoking and pregnancy Doubles risk of miscarriage Increases risk of ectopic pregnancy premature birth low birth weight infant death behavioral problems and long term impairments in growth and intellectual development