KIN 123 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 14-18- Cardiovascular Diseaseo Number one cause of death in the US, and can be prevented by lifestyle o Cardiovascular system is made up of? Heart, blood vessels-arteries, veins and capillaries o What do the capillaries do? Allow gas exchange between blood and cells o Difference between systole and diastole? Systole-hearts contraction, the atria/ventricles are pumping blood out of heart and into the body Diastole- the period of relaxation, the ventricles/atria are filling back up with bloodo What are the four chambers of the heart? Right Atrium, Left Atrium, Right Ventricle, Left Ventricleo Difference between pulmonary and systemic circulation? Pulmonary-R side of heart pumps blood to and from lungs Systemic-L side of heart pumps blood to the bodyo Major risk factors for CVD? Obesity, tobacco, diabetes, male, genes, age, ethnicityo Minor/contributing risk factors for CVD? Aspects of lifestyle that can be changed to prevent CVD- Stress, triglycerides (diet), alcohol and drugs, depression anxiety etc. o Major Forms of CVD Atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, angina, arrhythmias o Prevention methods? ECG, EKG, angiogram, balloon angioplasty, coronary bypass surgeryo What is a CVA? Cardiovascular accident or stroke Lasting disability is a result of this, can be detected by numbness/weakness to one side as well as loss of vision- Cancero What is cancer? The abnormal, uncontrolled growth of cells which if left untreated leads to deatho Define tumor and the different types that can be found Tumor-a mass of tissue that serves no physiological purpose Benign tumor-non-cancerous, made up of cells similar to the surrounding normal cells but separated from surrounding cells Malignant tumor-synonymous with cancer, can invade surrounding structures including the blood system, the lymphatic system, and nerves o What is metastasis? the spreading of cancer cells from one part of the body to another o What are the types of cancer? Carcinomas- arise from epithelial tissues, most common Sarcomas- arise from connective and fibrous tissues i.e. muscle, bone, cartilage etc.  Lymphomas- cancers of the lymph nodes, part of the body’s infection fighting system Leukemia-cancer of the blood-forming cells found in bone marrow- Environmental Healtho Define environmental health The collective interactions of humans with the environment and the short-term and long-term health consequences of those interactionso What are the two major health concerns that the US deals with Natural disasters Man-made disasterso What are concerns for population growth and control? food, energy, available land and water, minimum accepted standard of livingo It’s important to stay energy conscious and make a conceited effort to conserve energy whenever possibleo What are examples of chemical pollutants? Asbestos, lead, mercury, pesticides- Personal Safetyo Difference between intentional and unintentional injury? Intentional-purposely inflicted either by oneself or another Unintentional-no harm is intended, 5th leading cause of death in USo What is NSC? National Safety Council o Four general classes of unintentional injuries? Motor vehicle, home, public injuries, work injuries o What are three things that contribute to motor vehicle injuries? Speeding, aggressive driving, fatigue and sleepiness, drugs and alcoholo What are potential home injuries? Falls, fires, poison, suffocation and choking o What is OSHA? Occupational safety and health administration  Developed to protect people from and prevent workplace injuries o Emergency care First aid, CPR, EMS (emergency medical system) - Conventional & Complementary Medicineo Define conventional medicine: a system of medicine based on the application of the scientific method, standard western medicineo Define complementary medicine: CAM-complementary and alternative medicine-therapies or practices that are not a part of mainstream health careo Informed self-care requires knowledge of symptoms and when it’s necessary to see a physiciano CAM focuses on integration of mind, body and spirit, as well as knowledge and experience - Agingo Define aging: normal process of development that occurs throughout lifeo Difference between biological aging and psychological/social aging: Biological- the normal, progressive, irreversible changes to one’s body that begin at birth and continue until death Psych/social- more abrupt changes in circumstances and emotion o Characteristics typically associated with aging are actually due to neglect and abuse on our bodies o Examples of “age-proofing” Challenging your mind, physical fitness, eat wisely, avoid toxins to the body (i.e. excess of drugs and alcohol)o Psychological and mental changes that may occur during aging Dementia, grief, depressiono Options for end of life care Home care, hospital based palliative care, hospice programso What is an advanced directive? Any statement made by a competent person about choices for medical treatment should he or she become unable to make such decisions or communicate them later- Common Sports Injurieso What is an overuse injury? Occurs over time, more subtle than an acute injury, balance between breakdown and repair of body is altered Occurs commonly in athletes with intense training regimens  Ex. Shin splints, tendonitis, stress fractureso What is an acute injury? Strains, sprains, ruptured ligaments and broken