BIOL 1543 1st Edition Outline of Last Lecture I DNA and Crime Scene Investigations Lecture 14 II Recombinant bacteria and gene cloning III Isolating useful DNA IV Mass producing gene products V DNA technology and pharmaceuticals VI DNA fingerprinting can help solve crimes VII Gene therapy may someday treat a variety of diseases VIII The Human Genome Project IX The science of genomics compares whole genomes X Genetically Modified Organisms XI Mutation and variation XII Variation is extensive in most populations XIII CONNECTION Outline of Current Lecture I Evolutionary thought has a long history II Important definitions III Other evidence supporting evolution IV Hot off the press April 6 2006 V Missing Link between fish and amphibians VI Other evidence supporting evolution VII Sexual selection may produce sexual dimorphism These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Current Lecture I Evolutionary thought has a long history A Darwin s main ideas can be traced back to the ancient Greeks B Aristotle and the early Judeo Christian culture believed that species were fixed but there were exceptions C In the century prior to Darwin the study of fossils suggested that life forms change 1 The study of fossils imprints of organisms that lived long ago a paleontologists study fossils D Geologists eventually proposed that a very old Earth is changed by gradual processes 1 study physical nature processes of Earth and E While on the HMS Beagle in the 1830s Charles Darwin observed living and fossil organisms and the diversity of life on the Gal pagos Islands helping frame his idea of evolution F Darwin proposed natural selection as the mechanism of evolution 1 Darwin observed that organisms a Produce more offspring than the environment can support meaning some will die b Vary in many characteristics that can be inherited 2 Darwin reasoned that natural selection leads to favored traits being represented more and unfavored traits less in future generations of organisms iii Living species arose from earlier life forms and species change over time 1 descent with modification now called evolution g Actually a very simply idea II Important definitions a Populations are groups of individuals of the same species living in a defined area b A species a group of populations whose individuals can interbreed and produce fertile offspring c Darwin found convincing evidence for his ideas including artificial selection selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals of domesticated plants and animals Humans have changed many species with selective breeding Hundreds to thousands of years of breeding artificial selection Ancestral dog wolf d Darwin proposed that living species are descended from earlier life forms and that natural selection is the mechanism of evolution III Other evidence supporting evolution a The study of fossils provides strong evidence for evolution b Fossils reveal that organisms evolved in a historical sequence have c Many fossils link early extinct species with species living today VI Other evidence supporting evolution a A mass of other evidence reinforces the evolutionary view of life including b Biogeography i the geographic distribution of species suggests that organisms evolve from common ancestors ii The study of the distribution of life forms over space and time 1 where organisms live at what abundance and why c Comparative Embryology i As developing embryos many vertebrates have common structures ii The study organisms of similarities and differences in different d Comparative anatomy i the comparison of body structures in different species e Homologous structures are features that often have different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestry