BIOL 1543 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Photosynthesis II Life s energy cycle III Photosynthesis IV Life s energy producers V Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplast VI Plants produce O2 gas by splitting water VII Photosynthesis occurs in two stages VIII THE LIGHT REACTIONS CONVERTING SOLAR ENERGY TO CHEMICAL ENERGY IX Photosystems capture solar power X The light reactions XI The Calvin Cycle Converting Co2 to Sugars XII Photosynthesis Reviewed XIII Fermentation XIV Fermentation in muscle cells XV Interconnections between molecular breakdown and synthesis Outline of Current Lecture I Enzyme Activity Can Mirror Drug Action II Enzyme inhibitors block enzyme action III Feedback inhibition regulates cell activity IV Many poisons pesticides and drugs are enzyme inhibitors V Your liver and the smooth ER VI Endplasmic Reticulum Complications VII Drug Abuse Basics Current Lecture I Enzyme Activity Can Mirror Drug Action a The way enzymes and enzyme inhibitors act can give us a clue as to how our medicines work b Enzymes are protein catalysts that accelerate specific chemical reactions but does not itself undergo net chemical changes II Enzyme inhibitors block enzyme action a A competitive inhibitor takes the place of a substrate in the active site i gets into the active site to the substrate can t get in competing for the location b A noncompetitive inhibitor alters an enzyme s function by changing its shape These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute i Alters the size and shape III Feedback inhibition regulates cell activity a In feedback inhibition AKA Negative feedback AKA Negative Feedback Loop a reaction s product blocks the reaction itself b Three types i This is a mechanism to 1 regulate metabolism in cells 2 It saves resources from being wasted in reducing unnecessary production And 3 controls the action being produced so that it does not progress too extremely c Picture example the cardio excellerent IV Many poisons pesticides and drugs are enzyme inhibitors a Beneficial and harmful examples b Many inhibitors are irreversible permanently alter a pathwayi If an enzyme inhibitor is irreversible will lead to death c Poisons target particular pathways i Malathion is extremely toxic not so much to humans but more so to pests d Penicillin i Antibiotic only act on bacteria 1 Types of antibiotics a Bacterio cidal kill the bacteria but not the host b Bacterio Static stops the bacteria reproduction e Ibuprofen aspirin i acetaminophens 1 Three primary activities But may not have all three a inhibit analgesic enzymes against pain b Antipyretic inhibit pyresis fever c anti inflammatories f ACE inhibitors Angiotensin converting enzyme i Converting enzyme converts 1 to 2 ii Angiotensin angio blood vessel tensin tension 1 decreases the size of the blood vessel which increases blood pressure 2 Angiotensin 1 inactive 3 Angiotensin 2 baso constrictor iii Medications that treat high blood pressures are antihypertensives V Your liver and the smooth ER a The liver detoxifies many substances in our bodies often using enzymes produced by smooth ER in the liver cells b Overexposure causes the smooth ER to grow reducing the effectiveness of a particular drug c Liver tissue can scar causing cirrhosis often fatal because it doesn t detox our bodies any more Hepatic liver d 1 LEGAL drug that is a problem is alcohol VI Endplasmic Reticulum Complications a Some diseases may be linked to ER malfunction b Cystic Fibrosis The childhood disease refers to two of the hallmarks of the disease the formation of lung cysts and fibosis or scar tissue i Mutant CFTR cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator gets stuck in endoplasmic reticulum and can t perform its function VII Drug Abuse Basics a Changes Rapidly b Very difficult to control c Total results unknown d Serious problem for all of us e 1 illegal drug in Arkansas that is a problem is crystal meth i long history and only takes one use f No long term studies on drug abusers because they all die