BIOL 1543 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Chapter 1 11 Lecture 1 January 14 Introductory concepts Define Biology The study of life List the level of organization in order and give an example for each Biosphere Everything in Earth Ecosystem California Anza Borrego Desert State Park Community all organisms in the Anza Borrego Desert State Park Population group of hummingbirds Organism English Lab Organ system nervous system Organ brain Tissue nervous tissue Cell nerve cell Organelle nucleus Molecule DNA Describe an ecosystem Which direction does energy flow From what does energy flow To what a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment One direction from the sun all the way through to heat or decomposition Sunlight photosynthesis cycling of chemical nutrients as chemical energy cellular respiration ATP Heat from animal or the decomposition of the animal What is a cell What are the two types of cells and what makes them different BIOM 121 1nd Edition The smallest structural and functional unit of an organism Eukaryotic has a true nucleus Prokaryotic lacks certain organelles What is DNA DNA is the genetic information for constructing the molecules that make up cells and organisms All organisms share what two common set of features Ordered structures and regulation of internal conditions An organism must possess all four of these features to be considered living 1 Growth development 3 Response to environmental stimuli 2 Energy use 4 The ability to reproduce and evolve What is natural selection How is editing used in this case An editing mechanism that occurs when populations or organisms are exposed to environmental factors that favor the reproductive success of some individuals over others Editing the elimination of individuals with certain traits and then the reproduction of survivors Who came up with the theory of evolution by natural selection Charles Darwin What is an adaptation Think of the bird eating the white bugs instead of the black bugs A trait with a current functional role in the life history of an organism that is maintained and evolved by means of natural selection What is a theory What makes it Falsifiable A broad explanation with large bodies of evidence The predictions are made and tested What are the two basic ways we learn about nature News and online blogs Which type of science uses inductive reasoning valid reasoning hypothesis and then logical reasoning inductive reasoning What does hypothesis based science involve involves observations questions and hypotheses as tentative answers to questions deductive reasoning What are some important issues in our lives that deal with biology Finding cures for bad diseases The effects of global warming What are some important points from the venomous fish article Fish out number all other venomous vertebral animals combined Polypeptides proteins What are some important points from the ugly tomatoes article Commercial tomatoes today are not bred from taste but for shape and ability to withstand shipping Heirloom tomatoes are what tomatoes are meant to taste like They are tomatoes that have been bred by the same people in the same area for 50 years Lecture 2 January 21 Universal Origins What is the universal hierarchy in order Which is the following is the most inclusive Which is the least inclusive Universe galaxy Solar system Planets moons Most inclusive Universe Least inclusive Moons What is the term used to describe the beginning of the universe and when was the estimated time this happened Big bang about 14 billion years ago What is a Supernova and what happens An explosive death of a massive star 8 times the size of our sun A giant star collapses compacts densely and then explodes It then releases heat and energy to form heavier elements What is the definition of a nebula cloud an immense interstellar cloud of dust and gas mainly hydrogen What is gravity the force of attraction between all masses in the universe List the four layers of the earth from inner most layer to the outer most layer inner core outer core mantle crust What are the four primary elements that make up the bulk of living matter Carbon hydrogen oxygen nitrogen What is a Goiter an enlargement of the thyroid gland Not cancer What is an atom the smallest particle of matter that still retains the properties of an element Atoms are made up of what three things protons neutrons electrons Name the four general rules of atoms the number of protons equal the atomic number the number of electrons equal the number of protons which equals the atomic number the mass number equals the number of protons plus the number of neutrons the number of neutrons equal the mass number minus the atomic number Atoms of each element are distinguished by a specific number of what protons What is an Isotope Variant forms of an element such as C12 C13 and C14 Electrons are arranged how in shells and their arrangement determines the chemical properties of an atom How do atoms that do not have full shells tend to interact with other atoms They will gain lose or share electrons What are covalent bonds Covalent bonds join atoms into molecules through electron sharing In covalent bonds two atoms share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons forming molecules Charged molecules are known to be what polar A molecule is said to be what if its covalently bonded atoms share electrons equally nonpolar What is the attractive interaction of a hydrogen atom with a electro negative atom hydrogen bond Which bonds are strong and which are weak Strong bonds covalent bonds Weak bonds hydrogen bonds What is the intermolecular attraction between like molecules Cohesion It makes water sticky A bug can stay on top of the water and not sink due to what Surface tension This makes liquid behave as if a thin elastic film under tension Water s hydrogen bonds regulate what Temperature Why does ice float and what does this property protect lakes and oceans from doing Ice is less dense than water What is the solvent of life Water Lecture 3 January 23 The Molecules of Cells Life s molecular diversity is based on the properties of what carbon Define organic molecules compounds containing carbon They are used by living things What are isomers Give an example of this Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures carbon 12 carbon 13 What are functional groups Groups of atoms which confer specific properties to a molecule What are the functional groups and an