LECTURE 21 3-13-15-Brain and Behavior1. Structural development can be studied and correlated with the emergence of behaviorGrasping and crawling in infants (highly advantageous)Lack of true executive cognition in <25 year olds2. Behavioral development can be analyzed and predictions made about what underlying circuitry must be emergingPracticing your jump shot this skill doesn’t come naturally.3. Factors that influence both brain structure and behavioral development, such as language or injury, can be studiedLanguageBrain injury-Neurobiology of DevelopmentThe physical attributes of embryos between species are incredibly similarPrenatal stagesZygote- fertilization to two weeksEmbryo- two weeks through eight weeksFetus- nine weeks until birthDay 1:Sperm and egg merge to produce a single zygoteDay 15:Embryotic disc with neural plateDay 24:Initial brain development (where the brain will go/develop)Hollow ventricles and spinal canalHeart developmentDay 49 (about seven weeks):Embryo starts to resemble a humanUnisex genitals formDay 60Sexual differentiationTestosteroneDay 100:Human brain is distinctiveDay 210:First sulci and gyri-Neurons and GliaNeural tubeNurseryLined with neural stem cellsNeural Stem Cell- Self-renewing mulitpotential cell that gives rise to any of the different types of neurons and glia in the nervous systemPg. 251 Figure 8-9Neural stem cell  progenitor  neuro blast/glia blast  specializedSam Weiss (1996)Stem cells remain capable of producing neurons and glia into late adulthood-The Growth of NeuronsEach hemisphere of the adult cortex has approximately 10 billion neurons100,000 trillion synapsesNeurogenesis is largely complete after five monthsExcept for hippocampusWeeks 7-15250,000 neurons per minute- this is why drinking alcohol is so catastrophicPSYC 260 1st EditionLecture 21Outline of Last LectureI. Synapses in Learning/MemoryII. Two Kinds of LearningIII. Long-term LearningChapter 8I. DNAII. Brain and Behavior Outline Current LectureI. Brain and BehaviorII. Neurobiology DevelopmentIII. Neural and GliaIV. The Growth of Neurons Current Lecture LECTURE 21 3-13-15 -Brain and Behavior- 1. Structural development can be studied and correlated with the emergence of behavioro Grasping and crawling in infants (highly advantageous) o Lack of true executive cognition in <25 year olds- 2. Behavioral development can be analyzed and predictions made about what underlying circuitry must be emergingo Practicing your jump shot this skill doesn’t come naturally.- 3. Factors that influence both brain structure and behavioral development, such as language or injury, can be studiedo Languageo Brain injury -Neurobiology of Development- The physical attributes of embryos between species are incredibly similar- Prenatal stageso Zygote- fertilization to two weekso Embryo- two weeks through eight weekso Fetus- nine weeks until birth- Day 1:o Sperm and egg merge to produce a single zygote- Day 15:o Embryotic disc with neural plate- Day 24:o Initial brain development (where the brain will go/develop) Hollow ventricles and spinal canal o Heart development- Day 49 (about seven weeks):o Embryo starts to resemble a humano Unisex genitals form- Day 60o Sexual differentiationo Testosterone- Day 100:o Human brain is distinctive- Day 210:o First sulci and gyri -Neurons and Glia- Neural tubeo Nurseryo Lined with neural stem cells Neural Stem Cell- Self-renewing mulitpotential cell that gives rise to any of the different types of neurons and glia in the nervous system - Pg. 251 Figure 8-9o Neural stem cell  progenitor  neuro blast/glia blast  specialized- Sam Weiss (1996)o Stem cells remain capable of producing neurons and glia into late adulthood -The Growth of Neurons- Each hemisphere of the adult cortex has approximately 10 billion neuronso 100,000 trillion synapseso Neurogenesis is largely complete after five months Except for hippocampuso Weeks 7-15o 250,000 neurons per minute- this is why drinking alcohol is so