-Terminology:Genotype- particular genetic makeup of an individualPhenotype- individual characteristics that can be seen or measuredEpigenetics- differences in gene expression related to environment and experienced-Natural SelectionEvolution is all about random mutationsPeppered Moth  pre-industrial revolution (most advantageous for its environment)Industrial Revolution  use of coal in factories turned trees black  changed the environment of the moth  black moth then became the most advantageous- Nervous System Evolution1. Neurons and MusclesAllowed the animal to move2. Nerve NetJellyfish3. Bilateral SymmetryFlat worms4. SegmentationEarthwormsRelation to human anatomy  vertebra5. GangliaClams, octopuses6. Spinal Cord7. BrainAmphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds-Human EvolutionWhy Humans?Began 200-65 million years agoDietForaging for fruitRegrowth of fruit needed to occurMore complex behaviorCerebrum and cerebellumUpright posture  more efficient  led to development of handsMaking and using toolsLanguage (most important of all)PSYC 260 1st Edition Lecture 3Outline of Last LectureI. History a. Aristotle and Mentalismb. Descartes and Dualismc. Darwin and MaterialismII. Evolutiona. Evolution Via Natural Selectionb. Evolution via Unnatural SelectionOutline of Current LectureI. TerminologyII. Natural SelectionIII. Nervous System EvolutionIV. Human EvolutionCurrent Lecture -Terminology:- Genotype- particular genetic makeup of an individual - Phenotype- individual characteristics that can be seen or measured- Epigenetics- differences in gene expression related to environment and experienced -Natural Selection- Evolution is all about random mutations- Peppered Moth  pre-industrial revolution (most advantageous for its environment)- Industrial Revolution  use of coal in factories turned trees black  changed the environment of the moth  black moth then became the most advantageous  - Nervous System Evolution- 1. Neurons and Muscleso Allowed the animal to move- 2. Nerve Neto Jellyfish- 3. Bilateral Symmetryo Flat worms- 4. Segmentationo Earthwormso Relation to human anatomy  vertebra- 5. Gangliao Clams, octopuses- 6. Spinal Cord- 7. Braino Amphibians, mammals, reptiles, birds -Human Evolution- Why Humans?- Began 200-65 million years ago- Dieto Foraging for fruito Regrowth of fruit needed to occur- More complex behavioro Cerebrum and cerebellum Upright posture  more efficient  led to development of hands Making and using tools Language (most important of