-HistoryAristotle and MentalismMentalism: a belief that the “mind” is responsible for behaviorThe idea of a “mind” (or soul or psyche) comes from ancient GreeceThe “mind” was thought to be an external forceAristotle’s view of behavior did not account for the brain in any way.Descartes and DualismFusion of the mind and bodyMechanical and physical propertiesFirst attempt to explain what the brain didDualism: both a nonmaterial mind and a material body contribute to behaviorDarwin and MaterialismMaterialism came before DarwinThis theory is associated with Evolution, therefore it is associated with Darwin and his theories.Materialism: behavior can be explained as a function of the brain and the rest of the nervous system without “the mind.”-EvolutionDarwin/Wallace and Evolution (1858)Descent with modificationEvolution via Natural SelectionNatural Selection- differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environmentCommon ancestryVery similar characteristicsEvolution via Unnatural SelectionGregor Mendel (1857)Mendel experimented by crossbreeding pea plants and then observing which traits parent plants passed on to their offspring in successive generations.Punnett Square- table used to determine the genotype of an offspringPSYC 260 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last LectureI. Brain and BehaviorII. The BrainIII. The Nervous SystemIV. BehaviorOutline of Current LectureI. History a. Aristotle and Mentalismb. Descartes and Dualismc. Darwin and MaterialismII. Evolutiona. Evolution Via Natural Selectionb. Evolution via Unnatural SelectionCurrent Lecture-History- Aristotle and Mentalismo Mentalism: a belief that the “mind” is responsible for behavioro The idea of a “mind” (or soul or psyche) comes from ancient Greece The “mind” was thought to be an external forceo Aristotle’s view of behavior did not account for the brain in any way.- Descartes and Dualismo Fusion of the mind and bodyo Mechanical and physical propertieso First attempt to explain what the brain dido Dualism: both a nonmaterial mind and a material body contribute to behavior- Darwin and Materialismo Materialism came before Darwin This theory is associated with Evolution, therefore it is associated with Darwin and his theories.o Materialism: behavior can be explained as a function of the brain and the rest of the nervous system without “the mind.” -Evolution- Darwin/Wallace and Evolution (1858)- Descent with modification- Evolution via Natural Selectiono Natural Selection- differential success in the reproduction of different characteristics (phenotypes) results from the interaction of organisms with their environmento Common ancestryo Very similar characteristics- Evolution via Unnatural Selectiono Gregor Mendel (1857) Mendel experimented by crossbreeding pea plants and then observing which traits parent plants passed on to their offspring in successive generations. Punnett Square- table used to determine the genotype of an