LECTURE 20 3-11-15-Synapses in Learning/MemoryLearning- a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experienceExperience alter synapses…Donald O. Hepp (1949)Hepp synapse: idea that when you have enough instances of relationship established between pre and postsynaptic…. (Full quote in book)-Two Kinds of Learning1. Habituation- learning behavior in which a response to a stimulus weakens with repeated stimulus presentationsAll sensesLess neurotransmitter is being releasedWith repeated use, voltage-sensitive calcium gates become less responsive to voltage changes and more resistant to the passage of calcium ions2. Sensitization- learning behavior in which the response to a stimulus strengthens with repeated presentations of that stimulus because the stimulus is novel or because the stimulus is stronger than normalPotassium channels are slowed further by certain chemical reactionsThis prolongs the inflow of Ca2+ which causes more neurotransmitter to be releasedNovel, PTSD-Long-Term LearningChanges in the synapse characteristics…Chapter 8: The Nervous System: Develops and Adapts-DNASome neuronal circuits are assigned prenatally100 billion neurons when born, billions are left unassignedExperience (learning)-Brain and BehaviorThree perspectives on the brain development1. Structural development can be studied and correlated with the emergence of behavior2. Behavioral development can be analyzed and predictions made about what underlying circuitry must be emerging3. Factors that influence both brain structure and behavioral development, such as language or injury, can be studied.PSYC 260 1st EditionLecture 20Outline of Last LectureI. Classes of Neurotransmitters (Cont.)II. Classes of ReceptorsIII. Neurotransmitters of the SNSIV. Neurotransmitters in ANSV. CNS has 4 Activating SystemsOutline of Current LectureI. Synapses in Learning/MemoryII. Two Kinds of LearningIII. Long-term LearningChapter 8I. DNAII. Brain and Behavior Current Lecture LECTURE 20 3-11-15 -Synapses in Learning/Memory- Learning- a relatively permanent change in behavior that results from experience - Experience alter synapses…- Donald O. Hepp (1949)o Hepp synapse: idea that when you have enough instances of relationship established between pre and postsynaptic…. (Full quote in book) -Two Kinds of Learning- 1. Habituation- learning behavior in which a response to a stimulus weakens with repeated stimulus presentationso All senseso Less neurotransmitter is being releasedo With repeated use, voltage-sensitive calcium gates become less responsive to voltage changes and more resistant to the passage of calcium ions - 2. Sensitization- learning behavior in which the response to a stimulus strengthens with repeated presentations of that stimulus because the stimulus is novel or because the stimulus is stronger than normal o Potassium channels are slowed further by certain chemical reactionso This prolongs the inflow of Ca2+ which causes more neurotransmitter to be released Novel, PTSD -Long-Term Learning- Changes in the synapse characteristics… Chapter 8: The Nervous System: Develops and Adapts -DNA- Some neuronal circuits are assigned prenatally o 100 billion neurons when born, billions are left unassigned Experience (learning)  -Brain and Behavior- Three perspectives on the brain developmento 1. Structural development can be studied and correlated with the emergence of behavioro 2. Behavioral development can be analyzed and predictions made about what underlying circuitry must be emergingo 3. Factors that influence both brain structure and behavioral development, such as language or injury, can be