LECTURE 22 3-23-15Weeks 7-15Cell migrationRadial glial cellsCell differentiationFollowing migration and differentiationMaturationGrow dendritesExtend axon-The Baby BrainNature AND NurtureIn visual cortex, synaptic density almost doubles between ages two months and four months, and grows rapidly until about one year-Cell Death and Synaptic PruningSometimes eliminate as many as 100,000 synapses per second-The Frontal LobeThe last brain region to matureStabilizes around age 30Very sensitive to epigenetic influencesAnda et al (2006)N=170,000Aversive (negative) childhood experiences predicted physical and mental health in middle age-Behavior and DevelopmentMotor behaviorsArm movement for scoopingBreastfeedingFirst couple of monthsMotor babbling (discovering movement)8-11 monthsPincer graspLanguage1 year (5-10 words)18 months (20 words)2 years (200-300 words)3 years (1000 words)12 years (nearly complete)Problem SolvingJean Piaget (1952)Four major stages of cognitive developmentStage 1 (birth- 24 months)The sensorimotor periodDifferentiate themselves from the world, though still egocentricObject permanenceSome cause-and-effect relationshipsStage 2 (2-6 years)The preoperational periodMental representations into words and drawingsStage 3 (7-11 years)Concrete operations periodMentally manipulate ideas about concrete things such as volumes of liquid, dimensions of objects, arithmetic problemsConservation of liquid volumeStage 4 (11+ years)The formal operations periodAbstract reasoningPSYC 260 1st EditionLecture 22Outline of Last LectureI. Brain and BehaviorII. Neurobiology DevelopmentIII. Neural and GliaIV. The Growth of Neurons Outline of Current LectureI. The Baby BrainII. Behavior and DevelopmentCurrent Lecture LECTURE 22 3-23-15- Weeks 7-15o Cell migration Radial glial cellso Cell differentiation- Following migration and differentiationo Maturation Grow dendrites Extend axon -The Baby Brain- Nature AND Nurtureo In visual cortex, synaptic density almost doubles between ages two months and four months, and grows rapidly until about one year  -Cell Death and Synaptic Pruning- Sometimes eliminate as many as 100,000 synapses per second -The Frontal Lobe- The last brain region to matureo Stabilizes around age 30o Very sensitive to epigenetic influences  Anda et al (2006) N=170,000 Aversive (negative) childhood experiences predicted physical and mental health in middle age -Behavior and Development- Motor behaviorso Arm movement for scooping Breastfeedingo First couple of months Motor babbling (discovering movement) 8-11 months Pincer grasp- Languageo 1 year (5-10 words)o 18 months (20 words)o 2 years (200-300 words)o 3 years (1000 words)o 12 years (nearly complete)- Problem Solvingo Jean Piaget (1952)o Four major stages of cognitive development Stage 1 (birth- 24 months) The sensorimotor period- Differentiate themselves from the world, though stillegocentric- Object permanence- Some cause-and-effect relationships Stage 2 (2-6 years) The preoperational period- Mental representations into words and drawings  Stage 3 (7-11 years) Concrete operations period- Mentally manipulate ideas about concrete things such as volumes of liquid, dimensions of objects, arithmetic problems- Conservation of liquid volume  Stage 4 (11+ years) The formal operations period- Abstract