LECTURE 11 2-13-15Golgi BodiesProteins are transported away from the endoplasmic reticulum via the microtubules (Pg. 95 Figure 3-17)Chromosomes23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total)23 from mother23 from fatherFirst 22 pairs contribute to most physical and behavioral functionsPair 23 (1-mom, 1-dad) are sex chromosomesFemales –XXMales- XY-Genetic MutationsMutations come from accidents in the replicating processHappen all the time, and each of us carry mutations that may never become evidentBRCA1 (Breast cancer predisposition) on chromosome 17 (1000 mutations can happen on the chromosome that can lead to breast cancer)Tay-SachsTay-Sachs disease: mutations that hinder an enzyme in the brain from breaking down fatty substances; occurs in infancy- typically 6 monthsRecessive allele (this makes the disease rare)Seizures, blindness, loss of motor and cognitive abilitiesDeath after a few yearsBlood test can be done for parents to see what mutations they haveHuntington’sHuntington’s Disease- the protein Huntington kills off brain cells in the basil ganglia and cortexSymptoms can show up at any time in life (typically middle age)Involuntary movements and memory lossDominant alleleGenetic MutationsTay-Sachs and Huntington’s effect single alleles-Genetic EngineeringSelective breedingDogs- many breedsCloningCell nucleus (DNA)EggPSYC 260 1st EditionLecture 11Outline of Last LectureI. Glial Cells and Neuron Repair (Cont.)II. Inside the CellOutline of Current LectureI. Inside the Cell (Cont.)II. Genetic MutationsIII. Genetic Engineering Current Lecture LECTURE 11 2-13-15- Golgi Bodieso Proteins are transported away from the endoplasmic reticulum via the microtubules (Pg. 95 Figure 3-17)- Chromosomeso 23 pairs of chromosomes (46 total) 23 from mother 23 from fathero First 22 pairs contribute to most physical and behavioral functionso Pair 23 (1-mom, 1-dad) are sex chromosomes Females –XX Males- XY -Genetic Mutations- Mutations come from accidents in the replicating process- Happen all the time, and each of us carry mutations that may never become evidento BRCA1 (Breast cancer predisposition) on chromosome 17 (1000 mutations can happen on the chromosome that can lead to breast cancer)- Tay-Sachso Tay-Sachs disease: mutations that hinder an enzyme in the brain from breaking down fatty substances; occurs in infancy- typically 6 months Recessive allele (this makes the disease rare) Seizures, blindness, loss of motor and cognitive abilities  Death after a few years Blood test can be done for parents to see what mutations they have- Huntington’s o Huntington’s Disease- the protein Huntington kills off brain cells in the basil ganglia and cortex  Symptoms can show up at any time in life (typically middle age) Involuntary movements and memory loss Dominant allele- Genetic Mutationso Tay-Sachs and Huntington’s effect single alleles -Genetic Engineering- Selective breedingo Dogs- many breeds- Cloningo Cell nucleus (DNA)o