CRM JST 271 1st Edition Exam 1 Study Guide Chapters 1 7 Ch 1 is skipped in the study guide because the info is covered in CRM JST 110 and Burgos had stated to not read the chapter explicitly This is not an exhaustive list of everything possible thing that would be on the exam but a lot of detail on what was discussed at the review on Tuesday Remember to look over all notes Definitions Nightwatch Group of citizens patrolling at night looking for fires and other problems Sheriffs levied fines and ensured that the frankpledge system worked appointed by the king in 12th century England Frankpledge system the early system of policing with nightwatches sheriffs constables etc Constable mandated to assist the sheriff they conducted investigations served warrants took charge of prisoners etc SARA Scan Analyze Respond Assess Assessment Center The evaluation of an individual s potential to perform in a managerial capacity Key Components Goals of Policing Goals vary depending on the type of policing being used such as Problem Oriented Policing POP Evidence Based Policing EBP Community Oriented Policing COP and Intelligence Led Policing ILP POP relies on fixing problems EBP focuses on adopting strategies that have been proven to be successful COP relies heavily on community input and actions while ILP incorporates intelligence analysis in the deployment of both specialized units and regular patrol officers Types of Agencies State Police FBI Secret Service Bureau of Alcohol Tobacco Firearms and Explosives DEA IRS US Customs and Border Protection US Marshals US Park Police US Park Rangers Task forces Special Jurisdiction Police Consolidated agencies Most common type of agency is the Municipal Police Legal Terms Affidavit a written oath establishing probable cause to obtain a search warrant an officer describes exactly what is to be seized and exactly what is to be searched Warrant a document issued by a legal or government official authorizing the police or some other body to make an arrest search premises or carry out some other action relating to the administration of justice Exclusionary Rule refers to a legal remedy created by the Supreme Court as a response to evidence obtained in conflict with the Constitution of the United States where such evidence may not be introduced at criminal trial to determine guilt Color of Law the misuse of power possessed by an individual who is a state actor and derives power from the government Peelian Principles a Police must be stable efficient organized along military lines b Police must be under government control c The absence of crime d The distribution of crime news is essential crime should never be a secret community can help reduce crime e Essential to deploy police strength by time and area f No quality is more indispensable to a policeman than a perfect command of temper a quiet determined manner has more effect than violent action g Good appearance commands respect h The securing and training of proper persons is at the root of efficiency i Public security demands that every officer be given a number j Police headquarters should be centrally located and easily accessible k Policemen should be hired on a probationary basis l Police records are necessary to the right distribution of police strength Theories Class control advocates that urban and industrial growth coincided with the development of the new police Promoted middle and upper classes while controlling the lower class Crime control suggests that increases in criminal activity resulted in a perceived need for a new type of police Disorder control explains development in terms of the need to suppress mob violence Urban dispersion holds that many municipal police departments were created because other cities had them not because there was a real need Broken Windows based on a hypothesis that when low levels of disorder and deviance are not held in check then more serious types of crime are likely to follow I e when signs of disorder and deviance such as a broken window are ignored incidents of violence and delinquency will increase leading to more serious crime problems Contingency based on open systems theory and recognizes that there are many internal and external factors that influence organizational behavior There is no one best way to organize and manage diverse types of police departments Systems all parts of a system organization are interrelated and dependent on one another This allows managers to understand that any changes made in their unit will have a corresponding impact on other units Eras I II III IV Historical Early Policing known as kin policing where the family clan tribe enforced informal and customary rules or norms of conduct Included a nightwatch sheriffs the frankpledge system a constable which evolved into the constable nightwatch system Political politics influenced every aspect of law enforcement during this period Police jobs became an important part of this political patronage system Police derived their own authority engaged in a variety of functions had a decentralized organizational structure had close and personal relationships with the citizens tactics included foot patrol and investigation evaluated by citizens level of satisfaction Reform established the foundations for the professionalization of law enforcement Professionalization entails an attempt to improve police behavior and performance by adopting a code of ethics and improving selection training and management of police departments Community Crime Control current model of policing where the community is involved and an emphasis on crime control is prevalent Not all policing across the country is involved in strict community or strict crime control models but rather combinations of both Research Kansas City PD study on response time Showed that police could respond differently to different calls as not all have the same level of importance effectively saving police time The citizens satisfaction does not decrease as long as they know the approximate arrival times of their calls Madison PD Results o Participatory management in a PD is possible and produces more satisfied workers as well o Decentralization contributed significantly to the creation of the new management style o Changing one part of the organization should be done before proceeding with department wide implementation o Department continues to hire officers whose backgrounds life experience and attitudes that increase the likelihood