PSYC 1000 1st Edition Lecture 10 Outline of Last Lecture I. SleepII. Biological Rhythms III. Stages of SleepIV. REMOutline of Current Lecture II. DreamsIII. Some Theories about DreamsIV. Sleep DisordersV. Psychoactive DrugsVI. Drug CategoriesVII. HypnosisCurrent LectureDreamsFreud: “The Interpretation of Dreams” unconscious wishful thinking. 1. Manifest content: what one actually dreams (Freud said this has more meaning)2. Latent content: underlying true content (Freud interprets dreams have other meanings)Some Theories about Dreams:Dreaming helps strengthen neural connections and memory Activation Synthesis Theory: brain is trying to make meaning out of random neural static. (trying to interpret chaos) Sleep Disorders: Insomnia: Difficulties falling asleep and staying asleep, cause by a variety of things, like a symptom of other conditions. Like stress, relationship problems, physical and mental injuries, substance abuse, anxiety, etc. These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Somnambulism: (sleep walking) could be occasional, but very dangerous. Myth: you should not wake someone while sleepwalking. Occurs during stage 4, so they may be hard to wake up (wont remember in the morning). Causes: chemicals in brain could be off, but also unknown. Most cases, there is not dreaming during sleepwalking. Narcolepsy: Neurological disorder, characterized by suddenly falling into REM sleep, like seizers. Night Terrors: Seen in mostly children, sympathetic activation (stage 4) they are not dreams, andwill not remember in the morning. REM Behavior Disorder: Dopamine issue in the brain, usually in stage 5 we get paralysis so we don’t act out our dreams, but in this disorder the paralysis does not happen so they act out their dreams. Sleep Apnea: When someone stops breathing in their sleep, waking up many many times throughout the night but are not conscious of waking up so they wake up exhausted. Could be very dangerous. Psychoactive DrugsSubstance Abuse: any harmful use, nothing to do with how often, often overdose. Substance Dependence: Closer to addiction, more complicated however: 1. Physiological: presence of tolerance and withdrawal, 2. Psychological: Craving the effects, such as hanging out with friends listening to “stoner” music Drug CategoriesStimulants: Anything that increases central nervous system, ex. Cocaine, caffeine, meth, nicotine(reliving withdrawal stimulant) Depressants: Anything that decreases central nervous system. Ex. Alcohol, (social lubricant), antianxiety medication, Hallucinogens: Cause sensory and perceptual distortions, effecting serotonin pathways in brain Ex. LSD, DMT, Opiates: derived from opium pain relievers, cause intense pleasurable experience. Ex. Morphine, codeine, heroineEcstasy: both stimulant and hallucinogens, very textual, causes extreme dehydration from overheating. Marijuana: Stimulant, Depressant, and hallucinogen. Hypnosis: People say they have entered an altered state of consciousnessPeople also say they are playing out a social