PSYC 100 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Pre synaptic neuron II. How the signal reaches the neuron III. How it stops IV. Neurotransmitters Outline of Current Lecture II.Finishing up chapter 3III.Understanding the Braina.Know the 4 study aspectsIV.Parts of the Brainstema.Know 3 partsV.Parts of the CerebellumVI.Parts of the Limbic systema.Know 5 partsVII.Parts of the Cerebral Cortexa.Know 5 partsCurrent LectureUnderstanding the BrainThe old way to study a brain was to cut out parts of a brain and to see what stopped working, this was called a: lesion or abrasion. Also experimentally destroys brain tissue to study animal behaviors after such destruction. Electroencephalogram (EEG): an amplified recording of the electrical waves sweeping across the brain’s surface, measure by electrodes placed on the scalp. This only reads the total electronegativity across the whole brain not specific parts.MRI (magnetic resonance imagining) Scan: uses magnetic fields and ratio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of brain tissue. PET (positron emission tomography) Scan: visual display od brain activity that detects radioactive form of glucose while the brain performs a given task.The Brain: Older Brain StructuresThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.The brainstem is the oldest part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions. Brainstem: The medulla is the base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing. Reticular formation: is a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. Thalamus: the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory areas of the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.Cerebellum: the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem. It helps to coordinate voluntary movement and balance. The Limbic System: a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures containing emotions and memory. -It includes Hippocampus: deals with memory. -Amygdala: handles certain type of emotions such as fear and aggression. -Hypothalamus: in charge of the four F’s: Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, Reproductive Behavior. -Pituitary gland: includes endocrine system controls glands and hormones. Nucleus Accumbens: Reward center. Rat example: when rat pulls lever a release of dopamine will appear and even if the rat isplaced n the opposite side of the box and electrocute the floor and rats will run across it without caring to get the release of dopamine until the point of complete exhaustion or even death. The Cerebral CortexOccipital lope: deals with vision Partial lobe: touch information, somato sensory Temporal lobe: deals with hearing and languageFrontal lobe: amongst the most advanced and complicated area. Deals with motor movements (cortex), personality (regulation), executive functioning (decision making & planning). -People with ADHD have attention problems often are misdiagnosed and actually have anxiety or depression problems, which are easier to medicate then ADHD. The problem is ADHD medication which is a stimulate that will help anyone focus better, not just people with ADHD. Executive Functioning test will tell us WHY they cannot pay attention.Functions of the Cortex: The Motor Cortex is the area at the rear of the frontal lobes that control voluntary movements. The Sensory Cortex (parietal cortex) receives information from skin surface and sense organs. Association Areas: More intelligent animals have increased “uncommitted” or association areas of the cortex. Language: Aphasia is an impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either the Broca’s area (impaired speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impaired understanding). The Brain’s Plasticity: the brain is sculpted by our genes but also by our experiences. Plasticity refers to the brain’s ability to modify itself after some types of injury or illness.Our Divided Brian: Splitting the Brain, a procedure in which the two hemispheres of the brain are isolated by cutting the connecting fibers mainly those of the corpus