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CU Denver PSYC 1000 - Final Exam Study Guide

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PSYC 1000 1st Edition Final Exam Study GuideLecture notes are important to study because Andrew writes his own tests from his own lectures, not the book. Lecture 2 Introduction to PsychologyPeople: Wilhelm Wundt: Starter of Psychology 1879,Sigmund Freud 1910:: A psychoanalyst of the unconsciousJohn B. Watson: Behaviorism: overt, observable, behavior Carl Rogers & Andrew MaslowTypes:Humanistic: 1. People are good, 2. Unique aspects of being human Cognitive: information processing systemBiological: structure function of the nervous system, geneticsEvolutionary: natural selectionMulticultural: gender, race, ethnicity, and sexual orientationLecture 3The Scientific Method 1. Identify question or problem 2. Theory 3. Hypothesis: testable statement/ prediction4. Collect data5. Revisit hypothesis6. Theory revisit/ revise: modify theory as data comes inLecture 4Case Study: study on an individual, one case is one person. Ex. Use when a big group is not possible use when rare, use when new conceptNaturalistic Observation: people watching. Ex. Difference between boys and girls behavior, --people are unknown of observationCorrelation: a relationship between two variables, there could be positive or negative correlation. 1. Directionality problem: does depression cause low self esteem or does low self esteem causedepression? 2. Third Variable Problem: missing link/variable Lecture 5If you teleport to a place will your mind and body and brain be there?Neuron: a nerve cell, or a neuron consists of many different parts. Know where dendrites, nucleus, axon, axon ending, cell body, and myelin sheaths are located on a neuron.Nervous system has two parts: 1. Central (CNS) -Spinal cord 2. Peripheral (PNS)-Sematic-Automatic, Sympathetic, parasympathetic(rest and digest)Lecture 6(this lecture is important to know these keywords verbatim) Pre synaptic neuron -Signals between a neuron: is a chemical signal, in milliseconds between neurons-When one neuron in connected to another it is connected by either the cell body or dendrites How the signal reaches the neuron:Air sacs inside the neurons are called vesicles and inside the vesicles contain neuron transmitters: chemicals that have a shape that matches a space on the receptor site or protein moleculeVesicles fused to wall and spit out neuron transmitters that bounce around and connect to receptor site creating the signal, then one of the two ways that cells stop the signal will take place. Sending inhibitory signal or excited signal How it stops:Cells have ways of ending a neural signal: (must take breaks cannot be constantly going)1. Enzyme: deactivation can destroy a neurotransmitter: acedocolene2. Reuptake: can be reused in the cell taken back into the cellNeurotransmitters: any chemical that can signal a neuron (well researched neurotransmitters)Agonist: enhances or mimics and neurotransmitterAntagonist: blocks or inhibits the effect of a neurotransmitter A drug can increase or decrease the effects on a neurotransmitter 1. Acetylcholine: memory, people that suffer from Alzheimer's disease have dying acetylcholine neurotransmitters. Stimulant in your brain 2. Dopamine: pleasure and reward, schizophrenia: excess dopamine in the front part of there brain. Parkinson’s disease: decrease in dopamine in body. People with schizophrenia will display shuffling and Parkinson’s like actions when on to much medication 3. Serotonin: associated with mood, sleep. Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRI): inhibit the reuptake. Increases theaffect of the serotonin. 4. Norepinephrine: “fight or flight” response. 5. Glutamate: (up arrow) excitatory all over brain very general. 6. GABA: (down arrow) general inhibitory. Calms the brain down, take Xanax and the GABA calms the brain down. 7. Endorphins: Endogenous morphine. Our body’s way to control pain. “endorphin high” when body releases so much when exercising can feel “buzz” Lecture 7Understanding the BrainThe old way to study a brain was to cut out parts of a brain and to see what stopped working, this was called a: lesion or abrasion. Also experimentally destroys brain tissue to study animal behaviors after such destruction.Electroencephalogram (EEG): an amplified recording of the electrical waves sweeping across the brain’s surface, measure by electrodes placed on the scalp. This only reads the total electronegativity across the whole brain not specific parts.MRI (magnetic resonance imagining) Scan: uses magnetic fields and ratio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of brain tissue. PET (positron emission tomography) Scan: visual display of brain activity that detects radioactive form of glucose while the brain performs a given task.The Brain: Older Brain StructuresThe brainstem is the oldest part of the brain, beginning where the spinal cord swells and enters the skull. It is responsible for automatic survival functions. Brainstem: The medulla is the base of the brainstem that controls heartbeat and breathing. Reticular formation: is a nerve network in the brainstem that plays an important role in controlling arousal. Thalamus: the brain’s sensory switchboard, located on the top of the brainstem. It directs messages to the sensory areas of the cortex and transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla.Cerebellum: the “little brain” attached to the rear of the brainstem. It helps to coordinate voluntary movement and balance. The Limbic System: a doughnut-shaped system of neural structures containing emotions and memory. -It includes Hippocampus: deals with memory. -Amygdala: handles certain type of emotions such as fear and aggression. -Hypothalamus: in charge of the four F’s: Fighting, Fleeing, Feeding, Reproductive Behavior. -Pituitary gland: includes endocrine system controls glands and hormones. Nucleus Accumbens: Reward center. Rat example: when rat pulls lever a release of dopamine will appear and even if the rat isplaced n the opposite side of the box and electrocute the floor and rats will run across itwithout caring to get the release of dopamine until the point of complete exhaustion or even death. The Cerebral CortexOccipital lope: deals with vision Partial lobe: touch information, somato sensory Temporal lobe: deals with hearing and language Frontal lobe: amongst


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