CRM JST 271 1st Edition Lecture 7 I Strategic Development a Given landmark studies and other research findings a variety of strategic efforts were developed focusing on next four slides b Improving Crime Control Effectiveness i Improving impact 1 Crime analysis 2 Directed patrol 3 Differential response programs 4 Case screening 5 Problem oriented policing c Improving Police Community Relations i The most important aspects of community policing was its attention to improving police minority relations 1 Difficult due to long history of discrimination 2 Emphasized importance of communication and mutual understanding 3 Adoption of foot patrol to encourage more intimate understanding a Newark replication of Kansas City experiment with focus on foot patrol foot patrol doesn t decrease crime but it does decrease community fear of crime 4 Broken windows thesis d Improving Professionalism i Standards for police hiring increased 1 Examples 6 foot fence jump psychological testing ii Police training efforts were also improved 1 What improvements were made include mental health iii Technological and equipment advancements iv Implementation of standards certification and accreditation v Attention to legitimacy and innovation e Developing Evidence Based Practices i Police practices have also been guided by evidence 1 Idea that police should adopt practices with most evidence of support ii If police do not follow this principle then they are 1 Not as effective as they could be 2 Wasting resources on ineffective strategies and programs iii Requires both commitment to most effective practices AND willingness to sponsor ongoing evaluations and research f Strategic Alternatives i A variety of strategic alternatives to traditional approaches to policing were adopted during the 1980 s and 1990 s 1 Community policing 2 POP 3 Intelligence led policing 4 Predictive policing II III IV V VI Community policing a The emphasis on community policing began in the 1980 s i Attempt to harness the advantages of foot patrol with an emphasis on broken windows b Office of Community Oriented Policing COPS in 2009 c There exist 3 major dimensions of Community Policing i Philosophical dimension ii Strategic dimension iii Tactical dimension Problem Oriented Policing a Similar to community oriented policing emphasis began in 1980 s b It exists of four steps which together form the SARA model i Careful identification of the problem ii Careful analysis of the problem iii A search for alternative solutions to the problem iv Implementation and assessment of a response to the problem c Importantly it is characterized by several important features i Should be standard operating procedure for policing ii Should be empirical iii Should involve collaboration across agencies whenever possible iv Should incorporate community input participation whenever possible v Should be practiced by personnel throughout the ranks d Seeks tailored response to community problems Intelligence led Policing a Emphasizes the use of real time crime analysis b Demands more centralization and information and decision making than is common in American policing i As well as more analytical capacity c Three factors account for the development of this style since the 1990 s i Technological improvements in police data systems ii The terrorist events of 9 11 iii The new managerial philosophy that emphasizes top down direction in control Predictive Policing a The primary aim of predictive policing is anticipation b Uses data to do the following i React more quickly to incidents and patterns ii Predict events in the hope of preventing or acting preemptively c This makes stopping crime more than just a dream d On the flip side however there are philosophical and legal concerns that follow predictive policing efforts i What concerns might arise What works in policing a Evidence b There are weaknesses and strengths in all the strategies we ve just discussed