ART-HIST 110 1st Edition Lecture 1Idea and Ideal: Artist as Genius in Renaissance ItalyIn 15th and early 16th century Italy, the term “renaissance” (which means “rebirth” in French) largely meant the “rebirth” of classical antiquity: a renewed interest in the art, architecture, philosophy, literature, and ideals of ancient Rome and Greece. The art of the period circa 1495 to 1520 is called the “High Renaissance” because it has historically been seen as a pinnacle of artistic achievement. For future generations of European artists, the art of Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Titian, and Bramante represented the ideal to be imitated, much as Renaissance artists sought to imitate classical art. Giorgio Vasari (1511-74), who is considered to be the first modern art historian, argued that the new art rivaled, if not surpassed, the accomplishments of antique art. High Renaissance art was said to improve on nature, that is, idealize, rather than imitate nature. High Renaissance art stresses the dramatic narrative moment; compositionalunity and stability; and emphasizes the softness of forms rather than hard outlines. Excerpt from Giorgio Vasari’s Lives of the Artists (1550):“Sometimes in a supernatural fashion a single person is lavishly supplied with such beauty, grace, and ability that wherever the individual turns, each of his actions is so divine that he leaves behindall other men and early makes himself known as a genius endowed by God…Men saw this in Leonardo daVinci, who displayed…an ability so fit and so vast that wherever his mind turned to difficult tasks, he resolved them with complete ease…And the fame of his name spread so widely that not only was he held in high esteem in his own times, but his fame increased even more after his death.” Works discussed:20-5 Leonardo da Vinci, Mona Lisa, c. 1503-1506 (oil on wood panel)20-3 Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, Refectory of monastery of Santa Maria delle Grazie, Milan, 1495-98 (tempera and oil on plaster)20-10 Michelangelo, David, 1501-04 (marble)These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.20-11, 20-12 Michelangelo, Sistine Chapel ceiling, Vatican, Rome, 1508-12 (fresco)20-13 Michelangelo, Creation of Adam, Sistine Chapel ceiling, Vatican, Rome, 1511-12 (fresco)p. 640 Raphael, The School of Athens, fresco in the Stanza della Segnatura, Vatican, Rome, c. 1510-11 (fresco)20-16 Donato Bramante, Il Tempietto, Church of San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 1502-10 20-24 Titian, “Venus” of Urbino, c. 1538Terms and names to know:Pope Julius II patron contrappostoportrait oil paintingsfumato