History of Radio 1/26/15 10:03 PM First Advertiser with Instant Communication Development of Radio • Social climate • Growing technology (the telegraph provided the foundation for radio) • Radio waves – the longest wave in the electromagnetic spectrum (Heinrich Hertz) • Gugliemo Marconi – first wireless telegraph • Radio Telephone (Reginald A. Fessenden in 1906) • Used a telephone mouthpiece as a microphone and a special alternator to generate his radio waves • Lee De Forest 1906 – invents the three element vacuum tube called the audion, which made the amplification of radio signals possible Radio in Mass Media • Radio must transition to mass media by doing the following: • Small size • Low price • Regularly schedule programming • Clear reception • Money making capability • HAM Radio-created by Harvard students working at the local radio station • Got tired of typing out their whole names so they used initials HAM. • Amateurs who do their own thing • A.M. Radio-amplitude modulation • Very long wavelengths • Can go very long distances • Very powerful • Not a successful way to use it because if more than one person was broadcasting, all you could hear was a jumbled mess • Government wanted to regulate radio, but people were not too happy with that. They didn’t want things becoming regulated during this time. • Decided to advertise – birth of sponsorships • People were really worried about advertising taking over • • Radio as Mass Media• David Sarnoff – visionary of today’s radio • KDKA – first regular programming • WEAF out of New York – first to use promotional advertising • Too many stations develop • Network Broadcasting – a group of interconnected broadcasting stations that share programming • Federal Communication Commission (FCC) 1934 – the government agency that continues, to this day, to oversee licensing and issue rules as needed • • How Can Radio Make Money? • Advertising • Sponsors • Institutional Advertising • Personal Radios – allowed advertisers another way to reach a mass media Radio Before Television • No in home competition • Radio shows resemble today’s TV show • Grew during the Great Depression • Radio was free • Technological advances set up radio for a new age – Golden Age • Frequency Modulation (FM) – Transmission created by changing the speed (frequency) at which radio waves are generated o Great for music o Ideal for music because you don’t have to watch or pay attention too much for it • News on the Radio • Public Domain – no one has a patent or copyright over something, or patent or copyright never existed • World War II • People needed news • Frequent reports • Similar format todayRadio After Television • Radio must adapt • New content – no more shows • Localization – no national need • Public broadcasting • F.M. becomes
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