CH13- PERSONALITY (characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling, acting)How to we become the way we are with our personalities?FREUD (1856-1939): theory found during Victorian timesPsychoanalysis (analyzing the mind through free-association)- Free association (lying down and speaking what’s on your mind- Became fascinated by a disorder called hysteriao Biological symptoms: paralysis, facial ticks, fainting spelling, blindness, deafness. More common in women: ‘hysteria’ -> ‘hystera’ greek word for “uterus” Now called conversion disorderSubsystems of personality- Id: irrational, unconsciouso Libido (psycholic sexual energy)o Pleasure principle (pleasure seeking = goal . irrational) Ex: newborn babies: pleasure seeking, irrational. Alert the parents of uncomfort immediately, need to be fed But we don’t always get what we want -> ego- Ego: /self/- rational, mostly conscious (aware)o Reality principleo Mature ego: Mediates between Id, superego and external realityo Your problem solvero Develops between 1-2 y.o when you cant get what you want when you’re a baby.- Superego: extends into conscious and unconscious. irrationalo 3-6y.o sense of right & wrong made up of a list of “don’ts” made up of an “ideal”, the “good you”o punishing with guilt and anxietybiggest part of our personality is unconscious:Ex: asked to go to a party night before examId: go have fun!Superego: no don’t go, study study studyEgo: rational thoughts. Defense Mechanisms: none are conscious (****EXAM & QUIZ)- Repressiono Doesn’t last long, generally leak back in. can’t keep them out for 10 years, 30 years. - Displacemento Transferred room one situation to a substitute Ex: mad at your coach and you go take it out on your roommateand have a big fight with her.- Reaction formationo Unacceptable thoughts and feelings are reversed Love -> hate Hate -> love Fear -> attractiono Act in ways that are opposite to your true feelings Ex: attracted to someone in your class but you tell your friend “I hate that guy!” and you always talk about how much you hatehim. Ex: scared of snakes and you become a Herpetologist (snake studier)- Rationalization  Ex: getting a job after college. You have the perfect job in the back of your mind. You have an interview and it goes well, but they don’t call you back. - Rationalize: “I didn’t really want that job anyways, it’s too cold there. It’s all for the best”- Projection: your unacceptable thoughts and feelings are placed on another person Ex: you’re lusting after someone but you say, “wow they can’t take their eyes off ME, they’re always looking at me all the time”- Regression: going back to an earlier way  ex: child that is successfully potty-trained but when the parentsare going through a divorce the child goes back to wetting the bed because of stress and anxiety- Denial- refusing to believe or perceive the reality- Sublimation: unacceptable thoughts and feelings are channeled into socially positive areaso NOT reversal.o Direct sublimation Ex: arsonist -> fire fighter Ex: maniac who wants to cut people up -> surgeono Indirect sublimation Ex: I like to set fires, so I’m playing the piano. Ex: I like to set fires, so I’m painting- Ex: Georgia O’Keef: painted flowers that looked like vaginasStages of Psychosexual Development- Oral (birth-1yr)o Pleasure obtained through oral behavior. Need just the right amount, not too little or too much (you need to move on or you’ll get fixated and exhibit oral behavior as an adult) Biting, sucking, eating, etc. Too much -> orally fixated- biting finger nails, biting on pencils, eating disorders- Anal (1-3yrs)o Pleasure obtained through retaining or eliminating wasteo Anal fixation ->anal personality Overindulged/under-indulged: toilet training (too harsh, too lenient, too early, too late, etc) Too harsh and early -> anal retentive: neat, obsessive (OCD) ,tend to collect things (collectors) Too hate, too lenient -> anal expulsive: Really messy people- Phallic (3-6yrs)o Oedipus conflict: little boys sexually attracted to their mothers but are worried that the father will castrate them (cut testicles off). Boy with unusually close relationship with mom.  Castration anxiety Ultimately the stage passes and they identify with their dad and mom, superego emerges with their sexual orientation, conscious, gender roles, etc.o Electra conflict: feel like the mom sent them out into the world ill-equipt without penis. Daughter unusually close relationship with dad Penis envy Ultimately -> Repress desire for their dad and identify with the mom and dad NO castration anxiety so it’s not as strong as the Oedipus conflict- Latency (6-puberty)o Possible to be fixated Very withdrawn adult- Genital (post-puberty)o Libido goes back to the genitalso Sexual urges are directed towards appropriate partnerso No fixationUnconscious Conflict- Slips of the tongueo Intrusiono Saying things you don’t mean to sayo Not on purpose- Errors of memory- “Day residue”- Wish fulfillmento Manifest content: what the dream was abouto Latent content: hidden messagesEvaluating Freud- Criticism of Freud- Problems with the psychodynamic approacho Concepts are vague Fixation: how much oral behavior do you need to exhibit to be considered fixated? Theory of child development- But didn’t treat any children, only one male son.o Overgeneralizingo Retrospective accounts- The “Seduction Theory”o The children really had sex with the adults, not fantasy; they were really seduced by adults. Freud changed the theory: happens in their heads Developed his theory from women with hysteria (with psychological issues) Approaches to PersonalityBiological