CH13 PERSONALITY characteristic pattern of thinking feeling acting How to we become the way we are with our personalities FREUD 1856 1939 theory found during Victorian times Psychoanalysis analyzing the mind through free association Free association lying down and speaking what s on your mind Became fascinated by a disorder called hysteria o Biological symptoms paralysis facial ticks fainting spelling blindness deafness More common in women hysteria hystera greek word for uterus Now called conversion disorder Subsystems of personality Id irrational unconscious o Libido psycholic sexual energy o Pleasure principle pleasure seeking goal irrational Ex newborn babies pleasure seeking irrational Alert the parents of uncomfort immediately need to be fed But we don t always get what we want ego Ego self rational mostly conscious aware o Reality principle o Mature ego Mediates between Id superego and external reality o Your problem solver o Develops between 1 2 y o when you cant get what you want when you re a baby Superego extends into conscious and unconscious irrational o 3 6y o sense of right wrong made up of a list of don ts made up of an ideal the good you o punishing with guilt and anxiety biggest part of our personality is unconscious Ex asked to go to a party night before exam Id go have fun Superego no don t go study study study Ego rational thoughts Defense Mechanisms none are conscious EXAM QUIZ Repression o Doesn t last long generally leak back in can t keep them out for 10 years 30 years Displacement o Transferred room one situation to a substitute Ex mad at your coach and you go take it out on your roommate and have a big fight with her Reaction formation o Unacceptable thoughts and feelings are reversed Love hate Hate love Fear attraction o Act in ways that are opposite to your true feelings Ex attracted to someone in your class but you tell your friend I hate that guy and you always talk about how much you hate him Ex scared of snakes and you become a Herpetologist snake studier Rationalization Ex getting a job after college You have the perfect job in the back of your mind You have an interview and it goes well but they don t call you back Rationalize I didn t really want that job anyways it s too cold there It s all for the best Projection your unacceptable thoughts and feelings are placed on another person Ex you re lusting after someone but you say wow they can t take their eyes off ME they re always looking at me all the time Regression going back to an earlier way ex child that is successfully potty trained but when the parents are going through a divorce the child goes back to wetting the bed because of stress and anxiety Denial refusing to believe or perceive the reality Sublimation unacceptable thoughts and feelings are channeled into socially positive areas o NOT reversal o Direct sublimation Ex arsonist fire fighter Ex maniac who wants to cut people up surgeon o Indirect sublimation Ex I like to set fires so I m playing the piano Ex I like to set fires so I m painting Ex Georgia O Keef painted flowers that looked like vaginas Stages of Psychosexual Development Oral birth 1yr o Pleasure obtained through oral behavior Need just the right amount not too little or too much you need to move on or you ll get fixated and exhibit oral behavior as an adult Biting sucking eating etc Too much orally fixated biting finger nails biting on pencils eating disorders Anal 1 3yrs o Pleasure obtained through retaining or eliminating waste o Anal fixation anal personality Overindulged under indulged toilet training too harsh too lenient too early too late etc Too harsh and early anal retentive neat obsessive OCD tend to collect things collectors Too hate too lenient anal expulsive Really messy people Phallic 3 6yrs o Oedipus conflict little boys sexually attracted to their mothers but are worried that the father will castrate them cut testicles off Boy with unusually close relationship with mom Castration anxiety Ultimately the stage passes and they identify with their dad and mom superego emerges with their sexual orientation conscious gender roles etc o Electra conflict feel like the mom sent them out into the world illequipt without penis Daughter unusually close relationship with dad Penis envy Ultimately Repress desire for their dad and identify with the mom and dad NO castration anxiety so it s not as strong as the Oedipus conflict Latency 6 puberty o Possible to be fixated Very withdrawn adult Genital post puberty o Libido goes back to the genitals o Sexual urges are directed towards appropriate partners o No fixation Unconscious Conflict Slips of the tongue o Intrusion o Saying things you don t mean to say o Not on purpose Errors of memory Day residue Wish fulfillment o Manifest content what the dream was about o Latent content hidden messages Evaluating Freud Criticism of Freud Problems with the psychodynamic approach o Concepts are vague Fixation how much oral behavior do you need to exhibit to be considered fixated Theory of child development But didn t treat any children only one male son o Overgeneralizing o Retrospective accounts The Seduction Theory o The children really had sex with the adults not fantasy they were really seduced by adults Freud changed the theory happens in their heads Developed his theory from women with hysteria with psychological issues Approaches to Personality Biological Learning Cognitive developmental