OLS 284 1st Edition Lecture 1 Outline of Last Lecture I. Discuss SyllabusOutline of Current Lecture II. Compare and contrast leadership and managementIII. Review indicators of Leadership EffectivenessIV. Identify approaches, variables, and factors that contribute to the influence of the leaderV. Visit the relationship between self-esteem/self-efficacy and leadership successCurrent LectureLeadership- Leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives.o Connotation of leadership is:  Self confidence Influence Having followers Steering people in the right direction- Difference between a manager and a leadero Manager: Concerned with doing things right Efficiencyo Leader: Concerned with doing the right things Effectiveness- How to measure the effectiveness of a leadero Followers attitudes and perceptions toward the leadero Leader’s contribution to the quality of group processeso Performance and growth of the leader’s group or organizationo Extent to which a person has a successful career as a leaderIntegration of Concepts and Focus of the CourseThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.- Resourceso Traitso Behaviorso Power – Influence- Key Variableso Leader Prescriptive vs. Descriptive- Prescriptive theories specify what leaders must do to become effective and they identify any necessary conditions for using a particular type of behavior- Descriptive theories explain leadership processes, describe the typical activities of leaders, and explain why certain behaviors occur in particular situations Universal vs. Contingent- Universal theory describes some aspect of leadership that applies to all types of situations and the theory can be either descriptive or prescriptiveo Descriptive universal theories may describe typical functions performed to some extent by all types of leaderso Prescriptive universal theories may specify functions all leaders must perform to be effective- Contingency theory describes some aspect of leadership that applies to some situations but not to others, and these theories can also be either descriptive or prescriptive.o Descriptive contingency theory may explain how leader behavior varies from one situation to anothero Prescriptive contingency theory describes effective behavior in a specific situationo Followero Situation- Performance outcomesCharacteristics of the Leader- Confidence and optimism- Behavior- Traits (motives, personality, values)- Skills and expertise- Influence tactics- Integrity (honesty, behavior consistent with values)- Attributions and followersCharacteristics of the Follower- Traits (needs, values, self concepts)- Confidence and optimism- Skills and expertise- Attributions about the leader- Trust in the leader- Task commitment and effort- Satisfaction with job and leaderCharacteristics of the Situation- Type of organizational unit- Size of unit- Position power and authority of leader- Task structure and complexity- Task interdependence- Environmental uncertainty- External dependencies- National cultural