OLS 28400 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Lectures: 1 - 12Lecture 1 (January 15th)Chapter 1: The Nature of LeadershipCompare and contrast leadership and management. Identify approaches, variables, and factors that contribute to the influence of the leader.Leadership:- Leadership is the process of influencing others to understand and agree about what needs to be done and how to do it, and the process of facilitating individual and collective efforts to accomplish shared objectives- Prescriptive vs. Descriptive- Universal vs. Contingent- Characteristics: confidence, optimism, influence tactics, integrityManagement:- Management refers to doings things right, as concerned with efficiencyHow to Measure Leadership Effectiveness:- Followers’ attitudes/perceptions; Leader’s contribution to the quality of group processes; Performance and growth of the leader’s group or organization; Extent to which a person has a successful career as a leaderLecture 2 (January 20) Chapter 2: The Nature of Managerial WorkUnderstand the different roles required for managers and how they are changing. Understand how managers cope with the demands, constraints, and choices confronting them.Taxonomy of Roles:- Information Processingo Liaison Role – Managers are expected to be a “web” between the unit and external groupso Monitor Role – Seek info from a variety of sourceso Spokesperson Role – Transmit Information- Decision Makingo Entrepreneurial Role – Acts as agent for organizationo Disturbance Handler – Works to fix crisiso Resource Allocator – Money, labor, skills, etc.o Negotiator – has authority to make commitments- Interpersonalo Liaison Roleo Figurehead Role – face of an organizationo Leader Role – Puts all the pieces together- Manager Roleo Demands – required duties, activities, responsibilitieso Constraints – limiting characteristics of the organization and external environmento Choices – activities a manager may do, but it not required to doGuidelines for Managers- Understand the reasons for demands and constraints- Expand the range choices- Determine what you want to accomplish- Analyze how you use your time- Plan daily and weekly activities- Avoid unnecessary activitiesLecture 3 (January 22)Chapter 3: Effective Leadership BehaviorUnderstand how leadership behavior can be described in broad categories. Understand how specific types of task, relations, and change behaviors can be used effectively.Leadership Behaviors:- Internal (operational)o Plan activitieso Clarify expectations, rules, requirementso Supporto Develop organization – people and structureo Recognize limitations- External (strategic)o Networking – building and maintaining favorable relationships with peers and outsiderso Environmental Scan – collecting information from environmento Represent – lobbying for resources- Task-Orientedo Organize work activities to improve efficiencyo Set specific goals and standardso Monitor operations and performance- Relation-Orientedo Provide support and encouragement to someone with a difficult tasko Socialize with people to build relationshipso Provide coaching and mentoring when appropriate- Change-Orientedo Monitor external environment to detect threats and opportunitieso Study competitors and outsiders to get ideas for improvemento Develop innovative new strategies linked to core competencies- Transformationalo Not just making modifications but truly changing the way the organization functionsLecture 4 (January 27)Chapter 4: Leading Change and InnovationUnderstand different ways that leaders can influence the culture of an organization. Understandhow to develop an appealing vision for the organization.Approaches to organizational change:- Attitude centered change- Role centered change- Changes in technology- Change in competitive strategy- Economic change- Human factor changeStages in the change process:- Stages in a change processo Unfreezingo Changing o Refreezing - Stages in reaction to changeo Denialo Angero Mourningo AdaptationLecture 5 (January 29)Chapter 4: Leading Change and InnovationUnderstand different ways that leaders can influence the culture of an organization. Understandhow to develop an appealing vision for the organization.Procedures for developing a vision:- Involve stakeholders - Identify strategic objectives with wide appeal- Identify relevant elements with old ideology- Link the vision with core competencies- Evaluate the credibility and refine the vision- Continually assess and refine the visionLecture 6 (February 3)Chapter 5: Participative Leadership and EmpowermentUnderstand the normative model of leader decision-making. Understand why follower perceptions of empowerment are important.Potential Benefits of Participative Leadership:- Decision Quality – how good the decision is- Decision Acceptance – will subordinates accept- Satisfaction with the decision process – how the decision is implemented- Development of the participant skills – do we need to update participant skills with training or knowledgeVarieties of Participation- Autocratic decision – no influence by others- Consultation – influence by considering others- Joint decision – not one decision maker- Delegation – high influence by others (let students decide)Lecture 7 (February 5) Chapter 5: Participative Leadership and EmpowermentUnderstand the normative model of leader decision-making. Understand why follower perceptions of empowerment are important.Defining Elements of Empowerment:- Meaning – building a personal feeling to decision- Self-determination- Self-efficacy- ImpactPerceived Empowerment- Nature of psychological empowermento Meaning – work for non profito Self-determination – you want it to be the besto Self-efficacy – you believe it and be the besto Impact – you see the results- Empowerment Programso Leader selection and assessmento Democratic decision procedureso Shared leadership responsibilitieso Self governing groupLecture 8 (February 10)Chapter 6: Leadership Traits and SkillsUnderstand what traits and skills are most relevant for effective leadership. Understand how traits and skills are related to leadership behavior.Personality Traits and Leadership Effectiveness:- Surgency - is a trait of emotional reactivity in which a person tends towards high levels of positive affect- Conscientiousness – is the personality trait of being thorough, careful, or vigilant- Agreeableness – can the person get along- Adjustment – can the