F BICH 410 Lecture 27 Outline of Last Lecture Membrane Transport Viral Infections Outline of Current Lecture Influenza o The lower the amount of replication of a virus the less mutations and less chance it can evade immune responses or get antigenic drif o 8 protein segments in Influenza o Hemmagglutinin is a lectin and binds to carbs on cell for recognition 1 binds to sialic acid for uptake 2 conformational change for fusion uptake occurs Virus is inside endosome being taken into cell but is not released until hemagglutinin pH activated Low pH triggers conformational change so hemagglutinin and virus membrane and endosome make fusion pore Hemagglutinin must be cleaved with trypsin like protease for conformational change Multibasic cleavage site can ofen determine virulence o M2 protein proton selective ion channel Transports protons from endosome to virus allowing uncoating of ribonucleoprotein Surface protein so susceptible to mutation o Neuraminidase glycoprotein that cleaves sialic acid so virus can leave cell and go infect others Target of influenza treatment Flu treatments o Avian flu once getting to human to human transmission could be very deadly Next global pandemic o 1918 flu pandemic High death rate due to cytokine storm immune cell overproduction in one area occurred in lungs and blocked airway healthy young people more susceptible H1N1 in 2009 had similar appearance where it infected young o Asian and Hong Kong Flu due to antigenic shif o Studying past flus allows us to understand virulence and prevent eptidemics in future These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o o o o Can determine what mutations caused new flu Compared H5N1 and H1N1 and determined only one mutation had to made to make devastating H5N1 flu Minimum changes needed for influenza morphing Better binding to receptor hemmaglutinin Better uptake and release hemmaglutinin Better infections rates neuraminidase more efficient in cleavage Pathogenic causes disease Virulent extent of pathology Infectivity ability of organism to invade and replicate
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