FBICH 410 1st Edition Lecture 14Outline of Last Lecture - Hemoglobin- Allosteric EffectorsOutline of Current Lecture - Abnormal Hb- mutations disrupt tertiary and quaternary structure which can destabilize Hb to extent of lysing causing hemolytic anemia; favor of oxidation state at extremes causes cyanosis- Sickle cell anemia- val in place of glu in Beta subunito Deoxy HbS occurs when Val binds in hydrophobic pocket on another Hb and insoluble filamentso oxyHb filaments dissolve upon O2 so no fibers present in arterial blood- Sickle cell and Fetal Hbo Homozygotes HbS show only mild anemia because express high fetal Hbo Hydroxyurea produces Hb fetalo Hb heterozygotes resistant to malariao Infected erythrocytes adhere to capillary walls death by impedeing blood glowo Parasitic protozoans decrease pH by 0.4 favoring deoxyHb form allowing spleen to remove - Carbohydrates- most abundant bio moleco Composed of C,O, H (CH20)N N>3o Monosaccharide, polysaccharideo Ending in “ose” I scarbo Aldoses carbon 1 always aldehydeo Ketose- ketone always at C2- Enantiomer- mirror image- Diastereomers- not mirror images ie d-ribose d-xylose- D sugars most prevalent - Epimer- diastereomers that differ around 1C- Have to know structure of- D-glyceraldehyde, d-erythrose, d-ribose, d-glucose, d-xylose, d-mannose, d-galatose- Ketose need to know- dihydroxyacetone, d-ribulose, d-xyulose, d-fructose, d-eruthose- Aldehyde will always have 1 more chiral center than ketone- Know which are 3, 4, 5 - Erythrose and d-ribose and corresponding ketosugars d-erythrulose and d-ribulose all have startOH to right- D-xylose and D-xylulose are corresponding C3 epimers of D-ribose and D-ribulose- Cyclic carbs- alcohols react with carbonyl groups of aldehydes to from hemiacetalThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Alcohol react w carbonyl groups of ketones to form hemiketal- Anomer carbon- new stereocenter resulting from cyclic formation- Monosacch exist almost entirely as 6 membered ring- Anomer- differs only in configuration around anomer C- 2 anomers can freely interconvert in soln- mutarotationo 33% alpha Anomer OH face downo 66% beta anomer OH face upo 33% linear- Use Haworth projections- Be able to make pyranose and furanose
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