012345 67 8 927 7 10 100 6 1 1AB12 C D 7E F G4 H0 F 7 012345 67 927 7 10 F G4 H0 142 7 BI1 5310 61 4B 1 E 10 27B1 EJ214E0 E B7 G731207E K 7 LG7 JLA4 7A 4 E0 M 27 7 10 N B7 E 012345 4 G 0L0E47 4B 1 G131 A1 E 24 5 10 C N L J4G EJ1 210 L2 10 E 2101231 1 N EJ101 J4B7E4E0K OJ7 J 1 O L G L 2101231P M 6 012345 67 Q 4 0 8 Conservation of diversity 8 Conservation of ecosystem services R71 G0 11G1G E B1 7 E1 24E1GK E 4 A 70J 4 0 8 8 9J 07 8 S 1 L 42 B7 8 Q1 15 0 8 3 L5 42 B7 8 A7 0 8 TLA4 7510 C 131 0 N w in b w populations 67 G731207E 1 Genetic diversity in a vole population 2 Species diversity in a coastal redwood ecosystem 3 Community and ecosystem diversity across the landscape of an entire region U Figure 56 3 1 G4 121G 0 1 710 V7 G4 12 N 1W5 5 EJ2 L J LE 4 2 4 25 N 7E0 24 1XY Z G4 121G 1 710 M E EJ214E1 1G 0 1 710 7 1 E B1 A1 1 G4 121G FJ214E1 1G 4 G G4 121G 1 710 N 4 E0 7 DX X Z J431 1 1W5 E C N K B72G 0 1 710 C N UUK A4AA4 0 1 710 N O 2 GH0 0J 0 1 710 C N 4A J7B74 0 8 FJ1 24E1 N EJ214E1 1G 4 G 1 G4 121G 0 1 710 70 U 5A10 214E12 N 2 N210JO4E12 N4L 4 EJ4 E12210E274 N4L 4X 8 aJ G L EJ7 EJ70 A7 JE B1P Q1 2 74H0 FJ214E1 1G 4 G G4 121G 1 710 0 5 6 4 7 0 1 34 8 B 0 F7 C B 3 0 I 77 J 88 BK 9 77 0 M 88 0 9 Q 364 K 8 3 0 Q 0 8 6H 1 R2 88B 3 0 E 3K R2 88B 3 0 M P 338 B 0 E 64 2NF7 12 6 0 D4 8 12 8 B 0 8 I 0 Q 7 73 3 I 88 2 0 P 8 63 I 88 2 0 L 8F7 D 3 K 8 3 I0 338 5 4 3427 I0 E 4 F7 233 I0 1B Q H I0 1 88 D4 8 Q I0 9 P 6H6 77 I0 K 8 B 1H2886 I0 S 1 I0 1 234 56 74 88 0 3 82 74 88 0 1 234 82 74 88 0 G 8 74 88 0 I 28 L 74 88 0 8 6 8 8 N 0 73 E277 8 0 9 Q 3 0 8 Q 3 0 1 234 Q 3 0 14 Q 6H 3 H 0 5 34 F7 P 7 8 0 A 3 2 3 P 6H7 8 0 583 4 1 277 8 0 3 I4 0 7 E 66 7 74 88 0 928 E 66 7 74 88 0 648 6H E 66 7 74 88 0 58 E 66 7 74 88 I0 Q2 8 H68 I0 8 Q 6H 3 H I0 P 37 3 I0 14 3 7 132 0 7 2 64 0 5 C 3 0 3 B 4 C 3 0 4 H C 3 I0 9 8 8 C 3 I0 1 8 C 3 I0 82 14 I0 1 3 42 I0 538 3 6 132 I0 9 3 0 A 3 0 D 73 A E 3 0 6H D4 8 0 M2 6H D4 8 0 O 34 538 3 6 P 43 D4 8 0 9 D 8 0 8 Q 34 0 Z b 1 G4 121G ZF b EJ214E1 1G 01 234 3 5 4 6 7 3 7H 2 8 B 0 64 F7 D 8 0 A K 88 D 6H 0 P K6 6H D 6H 0 Q Q8 I0 D 13 H I0 M BH7 88 1 I2 38 0 L F7 P 8 1 I2 38 0 34 6H 1 I2 38 0 9 1 I2 38 I0 9 4 I 3 7 I0 73 A 1 H I0 P 3 628 3 8 3B 7 1 8 0 73 1 8 I0 5 6 2 38 0 c10142 J120 4E DQM 2X J4 8 R27 1G 4A 7 8 2X S4 G1 2X 3 2X T4A27 2X c7 J42G0 2X 40E 1B122 8 L e O120 8 8 L e O120 8 8 F27 7LA0 8 8 14 FL2E 10 8 8 64E0 8 2X 627 N 2X 12 2X FLB1237 1 2X a4210 8 SL001 0 8 8 3 2 8B7 1G 8 c1 5 10 f 8 MA J7B74 0 8 a G 1 120 8 MA J7B74 0 8 d 2X a4210 8 SL001 0 8 2X SX R211A4 8 42E120 8 2X 91E120 8 EL2 1 8 2X 6X R211A4 8 42E120 8 M EJ2 A 2 J7 61 1 E0 N 67 G731207E 7 4 1237 10 U 67 10E FJ214E0 E 67 G731207E X CX X X 012345 4E EJ1 9 L 45 131 8 9 L 45 07g1 8 Q1 15 G731207E 8 275 4 J4B7E4E A4 8 L 45 0 8 12 1 15 G731207E 1 7 7 8 L 45 0 8 12 1 372 A1 E4 N4 E 20 C 012345 4E EJ1 9 L 45 131 Z0A4 L 45 0 Small population Inbreeding Genetic drift Lower reproduction Higher mortality Loss of genetic variability Reduction in individual fitness and population adaptability Smaller population Figure 56 12 012345 4E EJ1 9 L 45 131 ZG1 7 7 L 45 0 Red cockaded woodpecker a Forests with low undergrowth b Forests with high dense undergrowth Figure 56 15 012345 4E EJ1 4 G0 4 1 131 a Natural edges aJ4E 42140 0J L G O1 2 E1 E E A4W7A7g1 012345 1h 2E0P b Edges created by human activity Figure 56 12 U 012345 4E EJ1 4 G0 4 1 131 67 G731207E T E E0 Terrestrial biodiversity hot spots Marine biodiversity hot spots Equator Figure 56 19 7 1 42 1 2 13124 A4 c1012310P 8 EJ1 G1B4E1 8 Text T7 J 7E1G 94 120 L 1 f 7AB12 h d a27 JE f c11310 ddC T 4 1E 4 X ddd 6L2 1 ddd Figure 56 17 7 1 42 1 2 13124 A4 c1012310P 8 EJ1 G1B4E1 8 organism needs 7 1 42 1 13124 A4 corridor mountains d Figure 56 21a Nicaragua CARIBBEAN SEA Costa Rica na ma National park land Buffer zone Pa protected human use but compatible w preserve PACIFIC OCEAN a Zoned Reserves in Costa Rica d 012345 4E EJ1 4 G0 4 1 131 i 1G c1012310 GULF OF MEXICO FLORIDA Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary 50 km Figure 56 22 C TLA4 A 4 E0 EJ1 42EJ X Nutrient Enrichment nitrogen …