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igure 46.3-4 Asexual reproduction Female Sexual reproduction Generation 1 Female Male Generation 4 Generation 3 Generation 2 ?/=@AB%C*)@%A/+%C,/-.*/3%&'()*+,-.*/%$%!!"#"!$%9%?1'J,AB%X'-LA/=1@1%•! Y11=*/3%•! H,++=/G3%•! K)AG@'/>A.*/")'G'/')A.*/3%•! (A)>L'/*G'/'1=13%Z%['J,AB%&'()*+,-.*/%•! )'()*+,-.;'%-E-B'1%C').B=WA.*/%X'>L*+1%!%%!%%\%Parents separate into 2 individuals of about equal sizeex. Sea anemone (fig 46.2)New individual forms from out growthsex. Stoney Coral Organism becomes fragmented and piece becomes entire new individual ex. Worms, Sponges, cniderians, ect.Unfertilized eggs are able to developex. Bees, wasps, antsOffspring can be either haploid (unfertilized) or diploid (fertilized)- 1/1000 vertebrates can have this happenOccur when resources are available (deer mate in fall so that offspring will have vegetation in the spring)- regulated by hormonesExternal Fertilization- released into the environment to be fertilizedInternal fertilization- Matching copulatory organs- fewer gametes- placenta (temporary organ)!!"#"!$%$%]*1>1%A/+%4'/'Y>1%A1'J,AB%)'()*+,-.*/%1'J,AB%)'()*+,-.*/%^%&'()*+,-.;'%6)GA/1%V)*+,-'%A/+%D)A/1(*)>%_A@'>'1%!%!"#$%&3%*)GA/1%>LA>%()*+,-'%GA@'>'1%Q/*>%ABB%A/=@AB1%LA;'%>L'@T%!%&'()*$+,(-$(3%1(')@%1>*)AG'%1A-1%Q@A/E%=/1'->1T%!%-."$-$3%*('/=/G%>*%>L'%*,>1=+'%>LA>%=1%1LA)'+%P=>L%>L'%+=G'1.;'O%'J-)'>*)EO%A/+%)'()*+,-.;'%>)A->1%Q/*/`@A@@AB=A/%;')>'H)A>'1T%8%Produce more offspring (need more external resources?)Produce more diverse offspring (genetic combination)Protect gametes (internally) - cost: energyMust find mate (cost)Fewer offspringTime of care (cost)Higher success/survival rate!!"#"!$%Z%a,@A/%&'()*+,-.*/%_A@'>*G'/'1=1%Q()*+,-.*/%*K%GA@'>'1T%%% %%%%XAB'% %%%%%%%%C'@AB'%1(')@%`%% %%%%%%'GG1%b%1(')@A>*G'/'1=1%` % %%**G'/'1=1%`%2%U,)=/G%@'=*1=1%-'BB1ccccccccA/+%(B*=+E%=1cccccccccR%?T! +=;=+'d%=/-)'A1'+%4T! K,1'd%)'+,-'+%]T! K,1'd%=/-)'A1'+%UT! +=;=+'d%)'+,-'+%eT! +=;=+'d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