!"#$%#!&'!'!"#$%&'(()*+,-*,+%.(/,$-01$.(2$#(3%4,5201$(6%-*,+%(78(''(9:;6(<<=>(''(7?(;-*1@%+(7=<?(AB"5%(&1,C+%(D2"0$4((E1+(-52FF(*1(F*2+*'(:#%$0E&(*B%(G2+*F((1E(*B%($%GB+1$(!!(!'()*+,'-)*./0'123.'/)4'15)672)'824/9:;'82<*6,'=*4)>9'?+356+53>@'15)672)@'/)4' '''''''A>B50/72)'824/9:;'0>/3)*)B'2CD>67E>;,'F>'/C0>'+2,'•! 4>;63*C>'+G>';+356+53>;'/)4'<326>;;'2H'C0224'I0+3/72)'+2'53*)>'H23./72)'*)'J*4)>9')><G32);'•! 4>;63*C>'/'J*4)>9'3>B50/72)'<326>;;'$'Bowman’s CapsuleGlomerulusProximal TubuleDistal TubuleLoop of HenleCollecting DuctUrine!"#$%#!&'$'Figure 44.10 Capillary Filtration Excretory tubule Reabsorption Secretion Excretion Filtrate Urine 2 1 3 4 KL63>+239'?9;+>.'15)672)'ME>3E*>N'%'/:6H3IH:;J(3KLI9);3MH:;J()KN3KH:;J(KON3KH:;J(&'Hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure) pushes body fluids (blood, hemolymph, coelomic) in contact with a selectively permeable membrane (transport epithelium- specialized cells for solute movement)Recovering useful molecules and water from the filtrate (water and solutes broken down from metabolic processes), and returning it to the body fluidsdischarge of wastes from the body fluid to the filtrateFiltrate with nitrogenous wastes, released from the body as urine!"#$%#!&'%'O'P%#,552(N1+*%Q(/,$-01$F'(<'(KQ-+%01$(1E(D2F*%(R,$D2$*%#(G+1#,-*F(1E(S%*2@15"FST((7'()25*(2$#(D2*%+(@252$-%'(1FS1+%4,5201$(P'Body FluidCollecting DuctSmall molecules move from body fluids to collecting duct!"#$%#!&'&'IU%+%$*(2+*%+"15%(KU%+%$*(2+*%+"15%(91DS2$CF(-2GF,5%(N2GF,52+()G2-%(V51S%+,52+((9511#(M+%FF,+%(W&#+1F*20-(M+%FF,+%(;FS10-(M+%FF,+%(M+1Q"S25((N1$X15,*%#(H,@,5%(J%*(/"5*+201$(M+%FF,+%((Y(<=(SSW4(/:6H3IH:;J("$(*B%(9;APIJC)(NIM)Z6K(Q'F0224'1*0+3/+>'+2'(3*)>'R'FiltrationReabsorption SectretionOsmolarityGraditantInterstetial Fluid increasing in osmolarity1200 mOsm/LReabsorbingOcean water 1000 mOsm/LImpermeable to H2OactivePassiveaquaporins300 mOsm/L!"#$%#!&'O'Figure 44.16-1 Osmolarity of interstitial fluid (mOsm/L) 1,200 900 600 400 300 Key Active transport Passive transport INNER MEDULLA OUTER MEDULLA CORTEX H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O H2O 1,200 900 600 400 300 300 300 -<<09'9253'J)2N0>4B>'S'!T! UG*6G'2H'+G>;>'+N2'./../0;'N2504'925'>L<>6+'G/;'02)B>3'022<'2H'V>)0>W'''$T! UG*6G'2H'+G>;>'+N2'./../0;';G2504'G/E>'.23>'4*05+>'53*)>W'N2F*1+(-2$2#%$F"F([(P1F*5&(2\,20-(!"#$%$&'()(#*)+)]%F%+*(#D%55"$4(,-(!"'!"#$%#!&'P'A>B50/72)'2H''=*4)>9'15)672)'!!'!$'!"#$%#!&'Q'!%':E(&1,(%2*(G1*2*1(-B"GF(DB2*(#1(&1,(%QG%-*(B2GG%$F(*1(@511#(1FS152+"*&^(A"*B(&1,+(4+1,G.(#+2D(2(B1S%1F*20-(E%%#@2-_(511G(*1(%QG52"$(B1D(&1,+(_"#$%&F((+%FG1$#(DB%$(&1,(%2*(F25*&(G1*2*1(-B"GF`(!&'!"#$%#!&'R')%*(M1"$*'(:$*%4+201$(N%$*%+(abL(^(()"4$25(KU%-*1+(Nc'(]"F*,+@2$-%(()%$F1+(NN'()%$F1+&(()"4$25(?8-A8'VKAKX''UG/+'42'925'N/)+'+2'62)+320W'd1,(2*%(F25*&((G1*2*1(-B"GF(!O'N2U%"$%'*)G*C*+;'-YVT'UG/+'/Z>6+'42>;'+G*;'G/E>'2)'53*)>'2;.20/3*+9W'-T! [25'N*00'<32456>'G9<>32;.276'53*)>'FT! [25'N*00'<32456>'G9<22;.276'53*)>'\T! [25'N*00'<32456>'*;2+2)*6'53*)>'YT! [25'N*00')2+'<32456>'53*)>'!P'!"#$%#!&'S'-)*./0'123.'/)4'15)672),'=*4)>9'?+356+53>@'15)672)@'/)4'A>B50/72)'824/9:;'0>/3)*)B'2CD>67E>;,'F>'/C0>'+2,'•! 4>;63*C>'+G>';+356+53>;'/)4'<326>;;'2H'C0224'I0+3/72)'+2'53*)>'H23./72)'*)'J*4)>9')><G32);'•!