EASC 160gm 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide: Lectures 13-17Lecture 13History of Economic Development: Mao era to presentHow did Mao pursue industrialization and economic growth during his rule? Consider the environmental and economic implications of backyard furnaces, Great Leap Forward, Cultural Revolution during the Mao era. Following the Mao era look at Deng’s economic reforms, “capitalism with Chinese characteristics,” SEZs, TVEs, 4 Modernizations.Important people: Deng Xiaoping, Zhu Rongji, Hu Yaobang, Zhao ZiyangLecture 14Patterns of DevelopmentUrbanization, rural to urban migration (planned and unplanned), household registration system,genie coefficient, shifts in dominant sectors of production, demographic changesTensions between rural and urban citizensKnow the tensions and differences between the people who live in urban areas and people whoare from rural villages. What benefits do urbanites get that rural citizens do not? What are rural conditions like? How have they changed since the Mao era? Know conditions during the Mao era and existence of collectives and after the 1978 in the household registration system. Be ableto identify: hukou system, danwei (work unit), floating population. What are the results of this great urban movement and migration between rural village hometowns and urban cities? What are migrant conditions likeLecture 15Important QuestionsWhy did China’s GDP grow at such a generally steady high rate for the last 3 decades?Deng’s economic reforms, labor migration, development projects, limited private property rights, restraints placed by central government, protection from external shocksWhere is the money coming from?Stock markets, foreign direct investment, Special Economic Zones, trade surplus, domestic savings, Town and Village Enterprises, State-owned EnterprisesKnow the importance of exports to China’s trade.Know the role of globalization on China’s economy. What is globalization? What role do the common people play in China’s economic growth.Lecture 16Major effects of globalization on the environmentKnow the major environment crises confronting China today: air pollution, water shortage, water pollution, degradation of the natural environment, desertification, deforestation.Know the major causes for the environmental crises: rapid urbanization, mismanagement, lax regulations, waste dumping, factories, emphasis on industrialization, demands on factories by foreign countries, need to cut costsWhat are possible solutions? What can China do to address these problems? What are public and government reactions? Are government policies in response to environmental degrations. Are they successful?Lecture 17Key Points from Professor Kang’s LectureKang’s lecture looked at whether China should be considered a threat. Main points included: China’s approach to soft power, Western perspectives, economic threats, environmental threats,resource competition, balance of power, military arms buildup in the Asian region. Consider explanations for China’s military buildup. China is large; not necessarily amassing arms in an effort to become a regional hegemon. If balance of power still exists, surrounding Asian countries like Taiwan and Korea would be building up arms too, but they aren’t. This suggests that balance of power is a Cold War theory—it's not really relevant anymore because we live in a multipolar world. Important QuestionsIf China is not a regular threat why do many analysts in the US with political influence insist that it is a threat? What are some reasons? Consider the benefits of having an enemy, economic reasons, threats to our values/democracy, and competition for natural resources.China’s Soft PowerKnow examples of China’s soft power. How does China want to be received but how are they actually received? Consider the implications of China’s attempts at soft power (protests during the Beijing Olympics, importance of human rights to the international society, media investment still controlled by the government)Tanzam RailroadThis looks at China’s involvement in Zambia. The Tanzam railroad was constructed by the PRC in the 1970s. It linked Zambia and Tanzania and its purpose was to reduce Zambia’s dependence on Rhodesia. It was also meant to expedite copper exportation since Zambia is landlocked. Shared HistoryKnow that China and Africa share a similar history. How has China used this to their advantage? How does this affect how China approaches involvement in Africa? They both were colonized byWestern imperial powers. China was able to modernize and industrialize rapidly after they became independent, but the majority of African countries have been stuck in the poverty trap. When China Met Africa (screening)Be able to use specific examples from the movie in essay questions and IDs on the test. History of China’s Involvement in AfricaKnow a brief history of China’s involvement in era. Be able to exchange changes and continuitiesfrom the Mao era to the present.Mao era: Bandung Conference, 5 Principles (peaceful coexistence, mutual benefit, respect, non-aggression, non-interference in internal affairs), spreading socialist model, Tanzania, involvement in GuineaPresent: post-Cold War, multipolar society, economic motivations, business and trading partner, concessional loans, Eximbank, When China Met Africa, resource security China’s Development Model vs. the American ModelKnow the differences between the Chinese model of development and western model. How does the Chinese model contrast to Western imperialism? Is it more effective? How are the African countries responding to the Chinese model?Look at specific examples of aid and development investment. For example, Chinese are giving concessional, no condition loans. American involvement is more based on philanthropic endeavors and microfinance.Look at how China approaches human rights issues. For example in Darfur, even though UN has put an embargo on Sudan, the Chinese continue to do business with the Sudanese government. This reflects China’s dependence on Africa for natural resources, mainly