EASC 160gm 1st Edition Lecture 9Outline of Last Lecture I. Timeline of Japanese relations with ChinaII. Fukuzawa EssayMovie clip Outline of Current Lecture I. CCP VictoryII. GMD DefeatIII. China pre-1949IV. Early PRCV. Five Year PlanVI. Great Leap ForwardCurrent LectureSecond United Front: Anti-Japanese War 1937-45Japan moves into full scale attack on all of ChinaChina divided and occupied:- GMD and millions of Chinese move to Chongqing Sichuan- Manchukuo: Japanese puppet government- Coastal China: occupied by Japan- Yanan and parts of NW Chinese countryside: CCP occupied- Xinjiang: Eastern Turkistan Republic GMD during WW2: corruption, forced conscription- CCP Yanan Soviet (1936-47): Mao at the helm- CCP grows: 50,000 to over 2 millionWhat kind of state was China in before 1949?First Viewa horrible mess: unequal distributioncorruption, famine, and warlimited resources, population pressureSecond Viewnot so bad: beginning of industrializationtrade expanding, some overall economic growthcommercialized and productive agricultureWhat kind of state did China have?- a thin state in the Qing- collecting 2-3% of national income- government worker to population ration 32000/1- GMD Nanjing government did collect land taxes (provinces kept them)The Early PRC (1949-1952)Finishing Land Reforms- redistributes over 405 of land from landlords and rich peasants to the poorer 60% of the population in South China- Result: each household has individual plot- land reform is not socialism, its capitalism- fights communism, give peasants land → become petty capitalistsOther Important Events- marraige Law of 1950: women win property rights, equal say i marriage and divorce- currency stabilized by 1951- cleaning up a mess: opium, prostitution, currency reform, etc…First Five-Year Plan (1952-57)- peaceful and successful transition to state ownership of the economy, 18% industrial growth- Why a command economy?- gives state control over economic produce- get to direct where you put your investments- with the broken Chinese economy, very attractive to communist planners- urban rural divided locked in through the household registration system - rural areas did not have education. assumed that you would be okay with plot of land, no government support- government did not have enough money to subsidize everybody- government underwrote and subsidized everybody in the citiesThe Great Leap Forward- throwing out the plan: voluntarism- no monetary incentives, shut down rural markets- form collectives to communes- backyard steel furnaces- liberating women from the home: cafeterias, daycare- massive public works and irrigation projects- inflated production targets- disinvestment from agriculture- results are catastrophic- political motivation says to politicians and bureaucrats “show that you’re enthusiastic and you will get benefits” → encourages lying- food goes to cities, rural people have no food, famine, massive starvation in many provinces- Mao loses support with people within the partyFrom GLF to CR- 3 year famie, 20-30 million lives lost, almost all are rural- Sino-Soviet split- 1961-65 Success: economic recovery, small consumer