EASC 160gm 1st Edition Lecture 7Outline of Last Lecture I. Recap of Opium WarII. China Overseas/China BridgeIII. Migration and ImmigrationOutline of Current Lecture I. Chinese migrantsII. StereotypesIII. Chinese reaction to Western influenceIV. Foreign tradeV. Qing legacyVI. Movie clipCurrent LectureIn US and Australia (“Settler societies”), Chinese migrants directly compete with European resulting in Exclusion LawsUS Case- 1850: Chinese first arriving with gold rush, independent laborers- 1870: 63,000 Chinese in US, 75% in CA, over half are now employees (bosses are white)- working on railroads, factories, agriculture- Racial antagonism to competition for jobs- Why could/did Chinese accept lower pay than whites?- only need to provide for themselves in super basic conditions, don’t need to provide for a family- Stereotypes- Chinese Exclusion Law: enacted in 1882, renewed in 1892 and 1902, made indefinite in 1904, repealed in 1943- Exempt class: merchants, students, officials, and their wives and children- Border crossing: through Canada or Mexico- Paper sonsChinese Immigrants- Chinese sojourners become huaqiao- Rise of Chinese nationalism- Falling Qing tries to woo overseas Chinese support- Modernizers and reformers with experience abroad- Sun Yat-sen was raised in HawaiiChinese reactions to Western world order- Self-Strengthening Movement (1860-1880)- strengthen itself without borrowing too much from abroad- adopting useful things form the West but keeping own culture at the same time- we need Western stuff (languages, technology, ships, knowledge) but we don’t want to borrow their Christianity or philosophies about democracy and way government is supposed to work (need to keep what is fundamentally Chinese, Confucianism, etc…)- Chinese essence, Western methods, Maritime customs office, translation school, Zongli yamen, etc…Foreign Relations (1880-1890)- Coolie Trade; U.S. Chinese Exclusion Act 1881- Sino-French War (1885): challenge to Qing’s suzerainty 1- Taiwan becomes a province (1885)- Sino-Japanese War 1895: challenge to suzerainty 2- humiliation; Taiwan becomes a colony- Triple Intervention (Russia, France, Germany- Scramble for Concession (1895-1898)- Germans take Qingdao in Shandong province- RESULT: the court/central government is consistently forced to protect the Western/colonizing powers from angry Chinese local elites and commonersThe Qing’s Final Days (1900-1911)- Treaty port culture: news papers, print media- foreign study particularly in Japan- increased foreign investment industry, railroads, mining- women’s education & anti-foot binding- nationalism:1905 anti-US boycott- Civil Service Exam abolished- from subjects to citizensChina: A Century of Revolution