EASC 160gm 1st Edition Lecture 5Outline of Last Lecture I. Guest LecturerII. Reading: Wills, “How many asymmetries?”Outline of Current Lecture I. Summary of main points from Wills’ lectureII. Opium TradeIII. Other important tradesIV. Video on Opium TradeCurrent Lecture- Yes, China has a very long history of interaction with other cultures, people, etc.. BUT when one compares Chinese elites with those of other countries (Europe) in the 16th -17th century, they have comparatively little interest in foreign lands- Why?o foreign influence might be problematic for stability of kingdomo less central government control- What did Chinese imperial states think of subjects who went abroad?o no embassies or ambassadorso no protection from country for those who travel abroado brings to question what migrants mean to their homeland- We (US scholar types) tend to tell stories about Chinese history that match up with stories that make sense to us todayo Example: China is a country without neighbors seemed reasonable in the 1950s and 1960s when China didn’t have strong relations with foreign countrieso Example 2: Today you are taking this class - Tribute systemo this version of Chinese foreign relations is somewhat flawed, implies arroganceo cannot explain interactions with Jesuits, Canton trade- Wills proposes that China generally takes a defensive postures visa vis foreigners- China’s relations with its neighbors are asymmetricalo China is big, can tend to push others around dynasties did not permit other kingdoms to relate with one another China wants to prevent “band-wagoning” (today in the South China Sea contestation)- Why is China big?o created an incredibly effective bureaucracy and intertwined culture of educated conformists o same thinking (not in all aspects but some important ones) → Confucianismo powerful central governmentOpium Trade- Background- Portuguese settlement in Macao (1557)- British East India Company: established in 1600, monopoly ends in 1833- British-Chinese multi-port trading from 1685 – 1760- Canton system from 1760 – 1840- Macartney mission (1793)Silver Trade- silver from New World and Japan is coming in for trade- silver went through Manila which was controlled by SpainWhy tea?- British East India Company thought that tea would sell really well- BEIC interested in trade in luxury goods (porcelain, spices, silks)- opium trade eventually overcomes teaTrade- Sugar: average 36 lbs per capita consumption in Britain (1850)- Tobacco: also used like alcohol, lubricated trade ties- Coffee: second most valuable traded commodity today- all are addictive to some degree and alter bio-chemistry, social lubricants- expanded from luxury goods in the 16th cent. to mass consumer goods by the 19th cent.- came to be massively produced on plantationsused to promote labor productivity in some