1nd Edition NHM 101 Lecture 13 Outline of Last Lecture I Feasting and Fasting II Metabolism Outline of Current Lecture III Proteins Amino Acids IV Protein metabolism V Protein and Health Current Lecture Functions of Proteins Structural o Building blocks of muscles blood and skin o Major structural component of all cells Enzymes o Catabolic and anabolic o Ex digestive enzymes Hormones o Messenger molecules that elicit response to restore normal conditions o Ex insulin and glucagon Regulators of Fluid Balance o Proteins help to maintain fluid balance o Protein can leak into interstitial spaces causing edema Acid Base Regulators o Proteins have negative charges on their surface o Attract hydrogen ions with a positive charge o Proteins acts as buggers Transporters o Carry nutrients and molecules in the bodys fluids o Ex lipoproteins transport lipids in the body Antibodies o Defends the body against disease Source of Energy and Glucose These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o Proteins are sacrificed during times of starvation or insufficient carbohydrate intake o Breakdown proteins amino acids energy Gluconeogenesis Protein Metabolism Protein turnover o Proteins are continuously being broken down and remade o Release amino acids o Create an amino acid pool in cells and circulating blood Body does not have a storage site for extra protein o Body breaks down structural and working proteins o Amino acids converted to fat in excess Protein and Health Protein energy malnutrition o Slowed growth impaired brain and kidney functions poor immunity Heart Disease o Proteins in excess especially animal proteins that are high in saturated fat Cancer o High intake of red meat Osteoporosis o Protein intake high calcium excretion increases Weight Management o High protein diets are not good weight management options o Important to provide adequate protein for health and satiety Kidney Disease o May accelerate kidney disease but does not cause Protein recommendations Protein quality o Protein digestibility Depend upon protein source Animal protein high 90 99 Plant protein low 70 90 o Soy and legumes more than 90 o High quality proteins Contain all essential amino acids Animal products Soy protein Complementary proteins Rice and beans AMDR 10 35 of calories from protein o 50 175g protein RDA 0 8 grams kilogram of body weight for adults o Pound to kilogram conversion is 2 2 o Divide weight in pounds by 2 2 to get kilograms Always consider the grams of proteins as well as the percentage Real Life Recommendations One ounce of protein contains about 7 grams of protein Recommended serving of most animal proteins are 3 4 ounces What type of protein foods should we eat each week o Seafood 20 o Meat poultry and eggs 70 o Nuts seeds and legumes 10 Milk products are a good source of protein 8 grams per serving Fruits vegetables and grains provide little protein 0 3g
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